A certain degree of chromatin openness is necessary for the activity of transcription-regulating regions within the genome, facilitating accessibility to RNA polymerases and subsequent synthesis of regulatory element RNAs (regRNAs) from these regions. The rapidly increasing number of studies underscores the significance of regRNAs across diverse cellular processes and diseases, challenging the paradigm that these transcripts are non-functional transcriptional noise. This review explores the multifaceted roles of regRNAs in human cells, encompassing rather well-studied entities such as promoter RNAs and enhancer RNAs (eRNAs), while also providing insights into overshadowed silencer RNAs and insulator RNAs. Furthermore, we assess notable examples of shorter regRNAs, like miRNAs, snRNAs, and snoRNAs, playing important roles. Expanding our discourse, we deliberate on the potential usage of regRNAs as biomarkers and novel targets for cancer and other human diseases.

The transcription factor STAT3 serves as an immunoregulator by playing a crucial role in cytokine receptor signaling. However, in various cancer cell types, STAT3 is involved in the molecular mechanisms of oncogenesis. Specifically, in glioblastoma, the STAT3 immunoregulator has been linked to resistance to temozolomide, the most commonly used chemical agent for treating this type of cancer. Furthermore, literature suggests that activation of this oncogene in glioblastoma cells can significantly impact the tolerogenic tumor microenvironment, weakening the antitumor immune response and contributing to the aggressive course of the disease. Therefore, suppressing STAT3 may not only affect cell growth and resistance to chemotherapy but also enhance the immune response by improving the tumor microenvironment.The development of sequencing technologies has revealed that most of the transcribed material in the cell is noncoding. Long non-coding RNAs are gaining popularity in the study of oncogenesis due to their functional role in the development of various diseases, including oncology. A subtype of long non-coding RNAs transcribed from enhancer elements, known as enhancer RNAs, has garnered attention due to their high specificity in various cells and tissues. Gene co-expression analysis in glioblastoma tumors showed a correlation between STAT3 expression and the enhancer RNA LINC00910, which is located in the same chromosomal domain as the Stat3 gene. Previous literature has shown that LINC00910 is associated with both colorectal and gastric cancer. Additionally, data from the GeneHancer database suggests that the enhancer RNA LINC00910 may be involved in regulating the STAT3 immunoregulator. RNA interference was used to effectively knockdown the enhancer RNA LINC00910, resulting in an 8- to 10-fold reduction in its expression in glioblastoma cell lines. The reduction of LINC00910 expression did not significantly affect Stat3 gene expression in glioblastoma cell lines DBTRG-05MG and U251. This suggests that the correlation between LINC00910 RNA expression and STAT3 gene expression is not due to LINC00910’s direct involvement in STAT3 gene regulation in these cells. Further studies using the selected interfering RNA will help to clarify the role of the enhancer RNA LINC00910 in other signallingsignaling pathways, as well as its potential relationship with cancer development.

The surface of the eyeball presents a unique microbiocynosis, which is composed of various bacteria including viruses. Proceeding in the body itself. Infectious conjunctivitis in children is one of the most frequent and widespread processes, which determines the relevance of this problem. Inflammatory diseases can be both independent diseases and a reflection of negative processes of the eye. Aim. To evaluate the efficacy of picloxidine dihydrochloride in the composition 0.05% eye drops in the treatment of infectious conjunctivitis in children according to the results of conjunctival cavity microbiosis study by chromatography-mass spectrometry. Materials and methods. The study included 61 patients (104 eyes) with infectious conjunctivitis aged from 1 to 9 years (5.02 ± 0.25). The state of conjunctival cavity microbiocenosis was studied in all patients before treatment by chromato-mass spectrometry. All patients were prescribed instillations of picloxidine dihydrochloride as a part of eye drops 0.05% into conjunctival cavity with the frequency of 4 times a day. Results. A more severe course of conjunctivitis was recorded in children with less Bifidobacterium spp. Discussion. Dysbiosis of conjunctival sac microbiome reflects the reserve potential of the immunity of the bulbar conjunctiva. Due to emergence of 4 types of pathogenic microflora, cytomegalovirus (20% of patients) and a decrease in all types of normal flora, a significant increase in opportunistic microorganisms (12 types), 2 to 59.5-fold increase on average is recorded, and every 3 rd patient is diagnosed with an increased titer of total endotoxin, which indicates the decreased reserve potential of the immunity of the bulbar conjunctiva. Conclusion. Antiseptic with picloxidine dihydrochloride 0.05% in the eye drops Piktorid-SOLOpharm is a broad spectrum drug in the treatment of infectious conjunctivitis in children without significant side effects.

The goal of the study was to estimate transfection efficacy and drug release in function of the PEG derivative in cationic liposomes and lipoplexes in both 2D and 3D in vitro models as well as in a mouse model (in vivo). For this purpose, cationic PEGylated nanocarriers based on OrnOrnGlu(C16 H33 )2 lipopeptides were fabricated and characterized. The nanocarriers were loaded with DNA plasmid pGL3 or with siRNA targeting 5'-UTR region of Hepatitis C virus, and their transfection efficacies were studied by luciferase test or by PCR technique, respectively. The pGL3-lipoplexes containing PEG derivative b (6 mol % PEG) were selected as the most promising nanocarriers for further in vivo study. In vitro cytotoxicity assay of the pGL3-lipoplexes with the PEG derivative b showed 2- and 1.5-fold enhancements of IC50 levels for HEK293T and HepG2 cells, respectively. Accumulation of the liposomes in the cells was studied by confocal microscopy using both 2D (monolayer culture) and 3D (multicellular spheroids) in vitro models. The PEGylated liposomes were found to penetrate cells more slowly than unmodified ones (without PEG). Thus, maximum liposomes in the HEK293T cells was observed after 1 and 3 h in the case of 2D and 3D in vitro models, respectively. Biodistribution study in mice showed that the PEGylated lipoplexes containing the PEG derivative b were eliminated from the bloodstream more slowly, namely with the doubled half-life time, than unmodified ones. Thus, the enhanced transfection efficacy and prolonged drug release of the PEGylated lipoplexes containing the optimal PEG derivative was demonstrated. This approach could be promising for development of novel siRNA-based drugs.

The article presents a study of palliative surgical treatment of patients with pathological fractures of the long bones and chronic trochanteric fractures. Those patients are not indicated for special oncological treatment. Therefore, the article does not provide staging of malignant neoplasms. The surgical treatment was aimed at improving the quality of life of palliative patients, and accompanying therapy in the form of the Altaicae extract adaptogen and the neutral anolyte led in our study to an increase in the effectiveness of surgical treatment of such a severe contingent of patients.INTRODUCTION According to domestic and foreign literature, the number of oncological diseases in young and old people is growing. There is a trend to neglecting the disease and late visits to doctors. Almost all types of cancer of various localization and other malignant tumors metastasize to the bones. An increase in the number of pathological (metastatic) fractures of the trochanteric region and the long bones was also noted. Surgical treatment of patients with such a severe type of fractures leads to an aggravation of the already existing immunodeficiency and, as a rule, creates the prerequisites for the occurrence of infectious complications in the postoperative period. The choice of a conservative method of treatment often does not justify itself as well, it leads to diagnostic and therapeutic errors, and in the future — to chronic pathological fractures.AIM To improve the effectiveness of surgical treatment and the quality of life of palliative patients with pathological (metastatic) fractures of the long bones and chronic trochanteric fractures using original authors’ accompanying therapy.MATERIAL AND METHODS 177 patients were examined and divided into two groups the main and the control groups. 72 patients were included in the main group, and 105 patients in the control group. There were 110 men and 67 women. The patient age ranged from 35 to 90 years. The main group received surgical treatment with the use of new accompanying therapy along with the basic one, and the control group received only surgical treatment and basic therapy.RESULTS In the main group patients with chronic pathological fractures of the trochanteric region, who underwent endoprosthetic replacement, osteosynthesis, a new method of surgical treatment of metastatic fractures of the long bones and the authors’ accompanying therapy, the effectiveness of surgical treatment increased significantly compared to the comparison group. As a result, most of the unwanted symptoms disappeared, time spent in hospital decreased, the psychoemotional status and immunity improved, the functional state of the body was optimized, and the quality of life improved.CONCLUSION The use of new accompanying therapy, the authors’ method of surgical treatment of patients with pathological (metastatic) fractures of the long bones, chronic fractures of the trochanteric region allows us to successfully and effectively operate on such severe patients and perform a fast track surgery program in the early postoperative period.

The influence of the psychoemotional state of children 6—12 years old with dental anomalies on the effectiveness of orthodontic treatmentresume. The article is devoted to the study of the influence of the psychoemotional state of children 6—12 years old with dental anomalies on the effectiveness of orthodontic treatment. Orthodontic treatment was performed in 122 patients aged 6—12 years. The psychoemotional state of the children was determined by the questionnaire of G.P. Lavrentieva and T.M. Titarenko. To assess the dental status of children, the Green-Vermillion hygiene index was determined in dynamics (Green, Vermillion, 1964). The microflora of the oral cavity was studied by mass spectrometry of microbial markers. The reasons affecting the psychoemotional state of the child and the factors that increase anxiety were analyzed. Prolonged wearing of an orthodontic device, the difficulty of maintaining hygiene contributed to the fact that after 4 weeks there was a significant deterioration in oral hygiene, a decrease in the number of children with good and satisfying and an increase — with an unsatisfactory and poor level of hygiene. It was found that the psycho-emotional state of children contributes to the violation of individual oral hygiene and changes the microbiota of the oral cavity. There was an increase in the total content of microorganisms 2—4 times compared to the norm due to an increase in the number of pathogenic and conditionally pathogenic microorganisms. Treatment of anxious children is accompanied by increased stress for clinicians, working with such patients is always associated with an increase in the duration of treatment and other difficulties, which reduces the effectiveness of treatment. Specific recommendations formulated by the authors on the management of patients are given, taking into account their psycho-emotional state.

The article presents results of the study of the effect of LED power modes based on AlGaAs heterostructures (short-circuit, open circuit, and active mode with the passage of operating current during irradiation) on the resistance to γ-n-pulse exposure. Reduction of LED emission power under the influence of γ-n-pulse occurs in two stages irrespective of irradiation power mode, with each stage characterized by its own regularity and its own factor. Built-in electric field of p-n-junction does not contribute significantly to the degradation of LED power when exposed to γ-n-pulse. At irradiation of LED in active power mode after exposure to γ-n-pulse (Fn ≤ 1.5·10 12 n/cm2, Dγ ≤ 20 Gy (Si)) a recovery of LED power by the value of ΔP is observed. Recovery of ΔP power leads to reduction of the damage factor at the first stage, to increase of the LED resistance, and to shift of the boundary between the stages to the area of higher neutron fluences. It is supposed, that the observed jump-like increase of ΔP radiation power under the influence of γ-n-pulse is caused by radiation-stimulated annealing of local mechanical stresses that is generated under the condition of passing of operating current through LED.

This paper presents the results of experimental measurements of the elastic moduli of structural materials using a technique with laser sources of ultrasonic pulses. This method allows measurements to be carried out locally (lateral resolution from 1 mm, object thickness from 2 mm) and promptly (measurement time of less than 1 s) and with one-sided access to the controlled object.

First toroidally focused 2D real-time laser-ultrasonic imaging system was demonstrated. The system is capable of visualizing an acupuncture needle 0.2 mm in diameter located at ~4 cm depth in water. The lateral spatial resolution is better than ~0.32 mm and axial spatial resolution is ~30 µm. The achieved frame rate is up to 30 Hz. The depth dependency of the sensitivity region width and lateral resolution are experimentally measured and discussed. The array is intended to be used as a part of combined real-time photoacoustic and laser-ultrasonic imaging system.

Currently, a significant proportion of children have dental anomalies (DA) and require orthodontic treatment. The effectiveness of treatment is reduced due to the age-related characteristics of the child's psyche, which lengthens the time and affects the quality of the appointment.Objective: to assess the emotional state of children with DA aged 6–12 years.Patients and methods. To study the characteristics of the psychological state of children, 122 patients aged 6–12 years (44 boys and 78 girls, mean age 9 [7; 11] years) were examined and orthodontically treated. Children's complaints, the presence of tics and obsessive habits were assessed. The psychological state of the patients was assessed using the G.P. Lavrentieva and T.M. Titarenko anxiety level in children questionnaire. Causes and factors that increase anxiety at the reception were assessed using a questionnaire developed by the authors.Results and discussion. Aesthetic defect and speech disorders were the most frequent complaints among children aged 6–12 years with DA (58 and 23%, respectively), especially among older girls (r=0.72). 91.2% of children had obsessive habits, 48% had motor tics. Three groups were distinguished: with low (59.0%), medium (19.7%) and high (21.3%) levels of anxiety. No significant associations were found between the anxiety level and gender, age, presence of tics and obsessive habits. Factors that increased anxiety in children during an orthodontist's appointment were: past personal negative experience at a dental appointment (in 27.0%); office environment (23.8%); negative experience of parents or peers (16.4%); frequent visits to medical institutions in the past (21.3%); family relations (11.5%). The most common anxiety causes were pain expectation and inexplicable fear, a little less often - unpleasant manipulations in the oral cavity and comments from the parent. The rarest cause of anxiety was a disapproving remark from an orthodontist.Conclusion. Children with DA aged 6–12 years have an increased anxiety level, independent of gender and age. These children require a special approach from the orthodontist and, possibly, a consultation with a psychotherapist.

In this article we prepared a novel layered hybrid halide perovskite (Ac,MA)PbI 4 containing acetamidinium (Ac + ) and methylammonium (MA + ) cations in form of single crystals and thin films. This compound exhibits a rare for (100)‑oriented perovskites crystal structure with an alternating cations in the interlayer space (ACI) where rotating distortions of adjacent inorganic layers results in alternating cuboctahedral voids of different sizes: the larger ones are occupied by Ac + and the smaller ones by MA + . The crystal structure is also characterized by an unusually short distance (4.23 Å) between axial iodine atoms of adjacent layers, which is less than the sum of corresponding Van der Waals radii. In addition, we proposed an easy route for the preparation of single-phase smooth and homogenous (Ac,MA)PbI 4 thin films and studied their optical properties by means of absorption spectroscopy and photoluminescence spectroscopy. The material has an optical bandgap about 2.22 eV which is significantly smaller than typical (100)‑oriented layered iodide perovskites and demonstrates a relatively large Stokes shift of photoluminescence with a maximum at 590 nm (2.10 eV).

This paper discusses the application of methods of non-destructive testing and flaw detection of plastic products manufactured by additive technologies. The modern development of additive technologies associated with the active transition from the manufacture of prototypes and test samples to the manufacture of functional products increases the requirements for improving the quality of manufacturing and conducting non-destructive diagnostics of finished products, including plastic materials. The overall productivity of the production process can be increased by increasing the yield due to a decrease in the number of defects, which is ensured by process control and the quality of finished products. The method of laser-ultrasound diagnostics allows monitoring and flaw detection of products made of different materials with good spatial resolution, which is not always possible, for example, by tomographic scanning. Thus, the main purpose of this work is to evaluate the possibility of using laser-ultrasonic methods to detect potential defects and to track the impact of the additive manufacturing process on the quality of plastic products.

A method for physical modeling of the influence of bulk leakage-current channels (dislocations) on the electrophysical and lighting characteristics of LEDs by connecting the p–n junction of an LED in parallel to an ohmic resistance or another p–n junction is described. The relationships that allow one to determine the change in the electrophysical and lighting characteristics of LEDs under the influence of various external factors (ionizing radiation, long-term operation, etc.) have been established. Using the obtained relationships, it is possible to determine the electrophysical characteristics of dislocations according to the changes in the electrophysical and lighting characteristics of LEDs, taking the role of dislocations into account. Based on the literature data, the efficiency of using the established relationships in the analysis of the characteristics of LEDs that are exposed to external impacts has been shown.

Due to the presence of a large percentage of 42.6% secondary oral infection in children with rheumatic diseases [1, 2], which arose during long-term treatment of shock and maintenance doses of anti-inflammatory therapy, it was important to study the microbiota [16, 17]. This paper for the first time applied a modern method for assessing the microbiota of various biotopes of the affected oral mucosa in children with rheumatic diseases – chromatosis-mass-spectrometry (CMSM), based on the quantitative determination of the level of markers of microorganisms: fatty acids, aldehydes, alcohols [5, 7, 10, 11]. СMSM is a highly sensitive method with a wide diagnostic spectrum. The study of a wide range of microorganisms provides new opportunities in the diagnosis of oral dysbacteriosis and increasing the effectiveness of individual treatment. The aim of the study is to improve the level of diagnosis and treatment of oral mucosal diseases in children with rheumatic diseases, through the use of chromato-mass-spectrometry of the oral microbiota.

Разработана экспериментальная установка для лазерно-акустической томографии биологических тканей. Проведены экспериментальные исследования фантомных образцов. Разработана программа для преобразования графических данных лазерно-акустической томографии в стандартный медицинских формат. Ключевые слова: лазерная ультразвуковая томография, формат DICOM, биологическая ткань, цифровая модель, графические данные.

An experimental setup for laser ultrasonic tomography of biological tissues has been developed. Experimental studies of phantom samples were conducted. A program for converting graphic data of laser ultrasonic tomography into a standard medical format has been developed.