The soils of forest, meadow, and urban ecosystems were analyzed for the presence of antagonistically active streptomycetes and bacilli in their microbial complex. A collection of streptomycetes and bacilli (1031 isolates) indifferent soil types was created. The maximal number of cultures producing antibiotics was isolated from soddy-podzolic soil, chernozem, soddy meadow soil, and mountain soddy soil. The strains were found which actively suppressed the growth of some Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria and phytopathogenic fungi causing diseases of agricultural plants. The model was developed to evaluate the insecticide activity of isolates, and the strains were found exerting a lethal effect on harmful insects: cockroaches and crickets, which are the analogs of the locust.