Object of research are microorganisms, spreading in mine waters and orebody of Ridder-Sokolnoye deposit. In mine waters of selected horizons were studied distribution of ammonifying bacteria. Detection of thiobacteria in mine waters at different levels and characteristics of the environmental conditions of its life give reason to believe that at the Ridder Sokolnoye deposit it act as oxidants of ore minerals. Bacterial oxidation processes are both in the upper and in the lower horizons. This, in its turn, confirms the presence of a sufficient amount of moisture and oxygen in the investigated formations and their ability to adsorb bacterial cells. The number of A. ferrooxidans ranged between 10-103 cells / g of ore. The greatest number of bacteria was in sedimentary, carbonaceous and argillaceous rocks. The number of Th. thiooxidans was higher – 102-103 cells / g of ore.

The efficiency of biooxidation for treatment of a double-refractory gold-bearing sulfide ore concentrate from the Bakyrchik deposit (East Kazakhstan) was defined. The experiments were conducted in two different modes, i.e., with the standard liquid medium and the medium imitating the chemical composition of the Bakyrchik deposit groundwater and containing high concentrations of sodium, magnesium, and chloride. The concentrate contained 17.5% of organic carbon, 6% of pyrite, and 13% of arsenopyrite. Gold content was 57.5 g t–1. Direct gold recovery by cyanidation was very low (2.8%). While biooxidation was efficient in both cases (approximately 90% of sulfide sulfur was oxidized), the efficiency of cyanidation was low (39 and 32%, respectively). This fact suggests high efficiency of biooxidation is insufficient for efficient treatment of double-refractory gold-bearing sulfide ore concentrates.

Определена эффективность процесса биоокисления концентрата двойной упорности сульфидной руды месторождения Бакырчик (Восточный Казахстан) в двух режимах: при использовании стандартной минеральной среды и среды, состав которой соответствовал составу подземной воды месторождения Бакырчик, содержащей высокие концентрации натрия, магния и хлорид-иона. Концентрат содержал большое количество углистого вещества (17.5%), 6% пирита, 13% арсенопирита и до 57.5 г/т золота. Прямым цианированием из концентрата извлекалось только 2.8% золота. В обоих режимах обработки биоокисление проходило с высокой эффективностью (окислено около 90% сульфидной серы), но извлечение золота цианированием было низким, 39 и 32% соответственно. Это свидетельствовало о том, что эффективного биоокисления может быть недостаточно для достижения высокой степени извлечения золота.

Из ацидофильных микробных сообществ месторождений сульфидных руд Казахстана были выделены штаммы A. ferrooxidans и изучены их физиологические свойства, важные с позиции биотехнологии – определены оптимальная и предельные температуры роста, исследована устойчивость штаммов к NaCl. Показано, что оптимумы температуры у штаммов совпадали (30–32°C), но диапазоны толерантности различались: при 37°C штамм TFBK практически не окислял железо, тогда как скорость окисления железа при 37°C штаммом TFV была лишь незначительно ниже, чем при более низких температурах. Хлорид натрия ингибировал окислительную активность обоих штаммов. Окисление железа штаммом TFV ингибировалось 5 г/л NaCl, а при концентрации NaCl 20 г/л подавлялось практически полностью. Окисление железа штаммом TFBK ингибировалось NaCl в меньшей степени: при концентрации NaCl 10 г/л скорость окисления железа была достаточно высокой, при концентрации NaCl 20 г/л железо окислялось с незначительной скоростью, но полностью окисление не подавлялось. Окисление штаммами серы подавлялось хлоридом натрия в меньшей степени, чем окисление двухвалентного железа. Окисление серы штаммом TFV заметно ингибировалось только при концентрации NaCl 20 г/л, но не подавлялось полностью. Окисление серы штаммом TFBK ингибировалось NaCl в большей степени. При концентрации NaCl 10 г/л скорость окисления была значительно ниже, чем при меньших концентрациях NaCl (после 6 сут окисления при концентрации NaCl до 5 г/л в среде было около 130 мМ сульфата, а при концентрации 10 г/л – примерно 100 мМ). Окисление серы штаммом TFBK заметно ингибировалось при концентрациях NaCl 10 и 20 г/л, но также как и в случае штамма TFV не было ингибировано полностью. Результаты, полученные в данной работе, позволяют сделать вывод о приспособленности вида A. ferrooxidans к широкому диапазону условий роста.

The ore of Bakyrchik deposits, containing gold and received for analysis, are classified according to their mineralogical composition. On the basis of mineralogical study, the ore assigned to class I. This means, this ore does not have a reducing or oxidizing ability, contains small amounts of sulfides, arsenides, antimonides and tellurides or no contained. Conducted researches of ore of Bakyrchik deposits shown, that the most effective solvent of the gold are considered cyanide solutions of alkali metals. Duration of the experiment of leaching of ores of Bakyrchik gold-arsenic deposits, ranged from 35 to 50 days. Concentration of NaCN in the solution contained 0.4, 0.6, 0.8 and 1.0 g/dm3. It was found, that the analysis of long-term studies for each concentration of NaCN, the level of gold recovery and its concentration in the solution increases with increasing number of irrigation to achieve the overall gold recovery of 40-45%, in this case, the consumption of sodium cyanide as a whole increases.

The ability of acidophilic microorganisms oxidation of sulphide minerals are now widely used in biohydrometallurgical technologies for sulfide ores of nonferrous and precious metals. Object of research is native strains of microorganisms Chemolithotrophic prevalent in mine waters and orebody deposit Bakyrchik. The result of the research studied habitats and abundance Chemolithotrophic microorganisms carrying the nitrogen cycle, the oxidation of sulfide minerals in mine water samples and characteristic rocks of the ore body deposit Bakyrchik. It has been established, that the number of bacteria in ammonifying mine waters ranged 101–104 кl./мl, A. ferrooxidans and Th. thiooxidans – 10–103 кl./мl, saprophytic bacteria – 102–107 кl./мl. Areas of distribution of bacteria were determined рН water.

Казахстан является крупнейшей сырьевой базой цветной металлургии, поэтому изучение экологии микроорганизмов, осуществляющих окисление сульфидных минералов в экосистемах, представляется весьма актуальным. Для выбора горизонтов отбора проб для микробиологического обследования были проанализированы данные по распределению руды и золота по горизонтам некоторых характерных рудных тел. Сокращение мировых запасов золотоносных руд и увеличение объемов руд со сложными структурами в отвалах требуют изыскания альтернативных технологических решений по их использованию. Для проведения микробиологического обследования золото-мышьяковистого месторождения Бакырчик с целью выделения аборигенных штаммов микроорганизмов были проведены предварительные обследования месторождения, в частности оценены климатические и гидрогеологические условия местности. Отбор проб для выделения литотрофных бактерий был осуществлен в местах скопления шахтных вод, а также из горизонтов руды, расположенной в непосредственной близости от подземных вод. Выделение микроорганизмов осуществлялось в лабораторных условиях путем наращивания накопительной культуры, а затем рассева на элективных средах. Для анализа отобраны пробы из шахтных вод и рудного тела месторождения.

Samples from mine waters and rocks of the ore thing with an increased number thiobacteria were obtained enrichment cultures from which pure cultures isolated thiobacteria.Been studied their physiological properties that are important from the point of view of biotechnology – and to determine the optimal temperature limit growth.Preliminary identification of the isolated bacteria are able to oxidize ferrous iron and sulfur compounds, as well as aerobic autotrophic metabolism allowed to carry them to the species Acidithiobacillusferrooxidans.While ensuring a culture of oxidized per day almost all the iron contained in a medium with a higher redox potential to 700-760 mV.The results obtained in this study suggest to wide range of conditions adaptation species of A. ferrooxidans.

The world practice for processing gold ore in the last decade is widely used process of heap leaching of gold cyanide solution of alkali metal. By present time in the mining industry of the Republic of Kazakhstan, this process has been developed only in recent years, in connection with the advantages of this method of ore processing are not fully identified. At present the field Bakyrchik there are problems with the extraction of precious metals due to the high content of carbonaceous shales and arsenic. It is expected that the use of new native strains thiobacteria extraction of precious metals will rise. The effectiveness of work the results show the availability of thiobacteria isolated directly from the field to improve recovery of precious metals in the processing of ore Bakyrchik. Experience in the use of foreign technology by bioleaching industrial products obtained from the processing of ore deposit, proved to be ineffective because of the high arsenic content.

Gold ore deposits mined as Akbakayskogo surface – in a career, and underground nym – in the mine, where the precious metal in the ore is usually higher. Tailing a set of special facilities and equipment, intended for storage or disposal of radioactive, toxic waste dump and other mineral processing, called tailings. On Mining and Processing Plant (GOK) from entering a concentrate the ore mined, and waste processing is moved to the TMF. The purpose of this study was to examine the bio-oxidation insensitiveness-tibility, containing gold, pyrrhotite, and increase gold recovery during subsequent conventional cyanidation. Bacterial cultures used in the biological test, consisted mainly of the genus Thiobacillus. The tests were conducted in the laboratory scale. The gold content of the ore sample was 10 g t-1 Au. After 24 h the direct cyanidation leaching time was obtained (20 % Au) gold recovery is low, with high consumption of the reagent. Bioleaching – the process that was used in the past in the pre-processing refractory mineral sulphides, mainly in gold. This technology has been proven to be cheaper, more effi cient and environmentally friendly than roasting and humidity of the high pressure, the heating processes. While the best-studied microorganism in bioleaching – Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans. There are several studies on the benefi ts of low metal values through bioleaching. In the information associated with them, there is little research dealing with complex minerals containing arsenopyrite (FeAsS). Reduction and / or elimination of arsenic in these ores increases their value and allows up a vast variety of minerals that are now podekspluatiruemymi.

As shown by the study, the stability of water, characterized metrizable Langelier index (lL = pH rNS) Rizner (lR = 2rNS - pH), the potential precipitation of calcium carbonate (µSaSOz = 50 (Shcho - SCHS) mg / l, the indicators Lemma-stability (Ps =), amount of carbon dioxide in an aggressive form, is different for the three conditionally designated zones along the water line, Ast-Rahan-Mangyshlak. By the number and composition of microorganisms was given estimation to microbiocenosis of water in water source of river Kigach and transported water conduit Astrakhan-Mangyshlak, shown dependence of microorganisms number from seasonal factors and anthropogenic stages. Evaluated saprophytic bacteria as environmental indicators of water quality on the basis of one-time comprehensive definition of them at different points in conduit Astrakhan-Mangyshlak, differing from each other by fouling factor and character of polluting, as well as hydro biological regime. Microorganisms growing in the water conduit are in a complex interaction with the environment.

For studying of microbiocenoses, microbiological investigations of industrial solutions PR, BP, CNS and settling reservoir № 6 of Kanzhugan deposits for detection and isolation of hemolitautotrophic bacteria of four physiological groups, which under theoretical assumptions could promote underground bacterial leaching of uranium, was carried out. These sulfate-reducing and denitrifying bacteria A.ferrooxidans and A.thiooxidans. In the process of study of microflora of uranium deposits of Southern Kazakhstan were guided by two positions: 1) study conditions of development of microorganisms, and also 2) find out and consider microorganisms, which are «selected by the environment». Therefore, the degree of microbial activity in the ecosystem determined based on their number and chemical analyses of samples. Also, experiences with cultures А.ferrooxidans and А.thiooxidans, which played a significant role in uranium oxidation, have been performed.

The results of the mineralogical analyzes showed that the ore deposits of the «Vostok» comprised of quartzcarbonate veins, which are more widely developed. They contain a much larger number of sulfi des, molybdenum minerals of molybdenite, and have iordezit in smaller amounts.