В связи с увеличением числа заболеваний, в основе которых лежит развитие новообразованных сосудов, в последние десятилетия возрос интерес к проблеме патологического ангиогенеза в различных тканях глаза. Традиционные консервативные методы лечения неоваскуляризации роговицы на данный момент недостаточно эффективны. Возможным путем решения проблемы неоваскуляризации роговицы может быть использование паракринных факторов, выделяемых мезенхимальными стволовыми клетками в процессе культивирования в кондиционированную среду (КС). Целью исследования является изучение влияния пептидов КС на сосудистое бельмо, которое сформировалось после химического ожога глаз крыс в эксперименте, и оценка влияния КС на функциональную активность нейтрофилов. Методы исследования. Исследование было выполнено на 48 крысах (48 глаз) в несколько этапов. На первом этапе всем животным был смоделирован химический ожог роговицы. На втором этапе проводилось лечение ожогов роговицы. В зависимости от способа лечения на втором этапе была сформирована контрольная группа 22 крысы (22 глаза) и опытная группа 22 крыс (22 глаза). Опытная группа была разделена на 2 подгруппы. В первой подгруппе было 11 крыс (11 глаз), которым в качестве лечения применялись пептиды КС общей фракции. Во второй подгруппе также было 11 крыс (11 глаз), в качестве лечения применялся пептиды КС фракцией до 30 кДа. В контрольной группе для лечения ожогов мы применяли культуральную среду. Результаты. По результатам офтальмоскопии и гистологических исследований на 14-е и 30-е сутки в контрольной группе животных динамики не наблюдалось. Выявлялись множественные новообразованные сосуды роговицы (преимущественно крупные сосудистые стволы) со стромальными помутнениями в их проекции. Эпителий роговицы был не изменен, однако, сама роговица была истончена. Наблюдалось сформированное васкуляризированное бельмо роговицы: субэпителиальная фиброплазия и неоваскуляризация роговицы. В опытной группе животных к 14-м суткам инстилляций в конъюнктивальную полость пептидов КС офтальмоскопически мы наблюдали уменьшение количества новообразованных сосудов, помутнения роговицы исчезли в проекции запустевших сосудов. На 30-е сутки лечения в опытных группах животных у большинства крыс новообразованных сосудов обнаружено не было, сохранялись лишь отдельные сосудистые стволы, которые ранее образовывали мощные анастамозы с другими новообразованными сосудами. По результатам хемолюминесцентного анализа показано, что фракция до 30 кДа угнетает функциональную активность нейтрофилов, в том числе за счет изменения активности внутриклеточных мембранных ферментов, отвечающих за передачу рецепторных сигналов внутрь клетки. Заключение. Полученные результаты свидетельствуют о перспективности применения препарата раствора пептидов для лечения такой сложной патологии, как неоваскуляризация роговицы. In recent decades, due to increasing number of diseases associated with the development of newly formed vessels, the interest to pathological angiogenesis in eye tissues has been growing. Traditional, conservative methods for treatment of corneal neovascularization are not sufficiently effective. A possible solution may be the use of paracrine factors secreted by mesenchymal stem cells during cultivation in a conditioned medium (CW). The aim of this study was to assess the effect of CW peptides on vascular leukoma induced by chemical burn of rat eyes and to evaluate the effect of CW on the functional activity of neutrophils. Methods. The study was performed on 48 rats (48 eyes) and included several stages. At the first stage, chemical corneal burn was modeled in all animals. At the second stage, corneal burns were treated. Based on the method of treatment at the second stage, a control group (22 rats, 22 eyes) and an experimental group (22 rats, 22 eyes) were formed. The experimental group was divided into 2 subgroups. The first subgroup rats (n = 11, 11 eyes) were treated with CW peptides of the entire fraction. The second subgroup rats (n = 11, 11 eyes) received a CW peptide fraction of up to 30 kDa. In the control group, the culture medium was used as a treatment. Results. According to the results of ophthalmoscopy and histological studies on days 14 and 30, no changes were observed in the control group. Multiple newly formed corneal vessels (mainly large vascular trunks) with stromal opacities in their projection were detected. The corneal epithelium was unchanged; however, the cornea itself was thinned. A formed vascularized corneal leukoma was observed that was evident as subepithelial fibroplasia and corneal neovascularization. In the experimental group by the 14th day of CW peptide instillations into the conjunctival cavity, ophthalmoscopy showed a decrease in the number of newly formed vessels, and corneal opacities disappeared in the projection of the deserted vessels. In most of rats in the experimental groups on the 30th day of the treatment, newly formed vessels were not found; only individual vascular trunks remained, which had previously formed powerful anastomoses with other newly formed vessels. According to the results of chemiluminescence analysis, a fraction of up to 30 kDa inhibited the functional activity of neutrophils, including by changing the activity of intracellular membrane enzymes responsible for the transmission of receptor signals into the cell. Conclusion. The results showed that the peptide solution is promising for the treatment of such a complex pathology as corneal neovascularization.

Purpose – to conduct a retrospective analysis of the results of episcleral filling in the surgical treatment of primary rhegmatogenous retinal detachment. Material and methods. Patients diagnosed with rhegmatogenous retinal detachment whom were undergone episcleral filling from 2015 to 2020 at the S. Fyodorov Eye Microsurgery Federal State Institution, the Kaluga Branch, were performed to a detailed retrospective analysis. Additionally, cases were analyzed when, after episcleral filling, the retina did not attach and later vitreoretinal surgery was performed. Results. Episcleral surgery was performed to the 486 eyes, repeated interventions were required to 126 eyes (26%). The presence of peripheral chorioretinal dystrophy of the retina (PCHDR) in paired eyes was found in only 45% of patients. In these patients’ retinal attachment was achieved with only one episcleral filling. In cases of lack of retinal attachment after episcleral surgery, the proportion of the presence of PCHDR in the paired eye was 84%. The superior and temporal segments were the most frequent places of localization of retinal rupture. At the same time, there were retinal ruptures in the upper segment in 30% of patients. The proportion of rupture in the external segment was 32%. The retinal rupture was localized in the upper external segment at 18% of cases. At 20% of cases, retinal ruptures were localized in the lower external and lower segments. Conclusion. The success of episcleral surgery depends on the thoroughness of the diagnosis, the detection of all existing retinal ruptures and their blocking during the surgical treatment. Key words: rhegmatogenous retinal detachment, episcleral filling, intravitreal surgery.

Purpose. To assess clinical results of partial Descemet’s membrane endothelial keratoplasty (hemi-DMEK) performed on the rabbit eyes with the focus on migration vector of transplanted corneal endothelial cells.Material and methods. The study was performed on 10 female Chinchilla rabbits (10 eyes). Corneo-scleral discs of enucleated eyes of male rabbits were used for preparing donor transplants of the Descemet’s membrane. Half of the dissected 8,0 mm Descemet’s membrane disc was transplanted. In order to determine the sex of the endothelial cells and to determine the cell migration vector, cytological (staining with azureeosin and akrikhin solution) and molecular genetic (polymerase chain reaction) methods were used.Results. Early postoperative period was characterized by diffuse corneal oedema and andmixed injection of the eye. Two rabbits died from natural causes during the experiment (from 7 to 30 days). 1 month after the procedure in 3 rabbits (3 eyes), complete resorption of corneal oedema was achieved. In these eyescentralcornea regained transparencyand was surrounded by a circular whitish cloudy area. In all of these 3 corneas, periphery (1,0-1,5 mm in width adjacent to the limbus) was also transparent. In one rabbit, the cornea was having the same pattern of circular cloudiness, but the central zone was graded as semi-transparent. In 4 rabbits (4 eyes) intensive, thick central opacity of the cornea was formed, corresponding to the zone of descemetorhexis. Molecular genetic analysis was performed on 3 eyes with transparent grafts. Analysis showed that amplification using primers SRYfor and SRYrev to gSRY, localized on the Y-chromosome in the region determining sex, did not give positive responses for any of the studied areas of the cornea (centre, periphery).Conclusion. For the first time, technical feasibility of performing hemi-DMEK in on the rabbit eyes was demonstrated. Full transparency of the central cornea was achieved in 37,5% (3 out of 8 eyes). Regenerative response of the cornea to the surgical procedure included the formation of circular opacity of the stroma surrounding the transparent central zone. We were not being able to identify endothelial cells of the donor (male rabbit) on the middle periphery of the recipient’s cornea (female rabbit) which allows us to make a reasonable assumption about the absence of their migration to the iatrogenically defected zone. Transparent status of a transplanted half of the Descemet’s membrane with endothelial monolayer was due to endothelial cell migration from the periphery to the centre of the cornea.

Background. In case of a corneal burn injury, cell transplantation into the damaged area must be performed within the first 12 hours, which makes it impossible to use autologous stem cells. One solution to this problem may be the use of peptides, derived from cultured stem cells in the treatment and prevention of complications in a burn eye disease. Aims: To study the dynamics of corneal tissue repair under the influence of a peptide solution on a corneal thermal burn model.Materials and methods. The study included 20 rabbits (20 eyes) of the gray Chinchilla breed weighing from 2.5 to 3.2 kg with a corneal thermal burn model. Depending on the method of treatment used, the animals were divided in two groups of 10 rabbits (10 eyes). In the experimental group, instillations of a peptide solution were used to treat corneal thermal burns; in the control treatment was carried out with a solution of moxifloxacin and gel “Solcoseryl”. On the 1st, 3rd, 7th, 14th, 30th days in each group, two animals were sacrificed to conduct a morphological study of the cornea. Results. In the experimental group, by the 30th day, according to a histological study, the inflammatory process was completed both on the surface and inside the cornea, with a tendency to restore its normal structure. In the control group of animals, significantly longer periods of corneal recovery and preservation of inflammation, despite the received therapy, were observed.Conclusions. The use of the peptide preparation is promising in the treatment of corneal thermal burn. Further research is needed in this area.