The study was aimed at establishing a new ultrasonic criterion of evaluating spleen dimensions in children (area of the maximum axial section) and determining the range of normal spleen dimensions. Patients and methods: We analyzed 838 ultrasonic spleen examinations in 3‑15‑year-old children and determined the area of the maximum axial section by tracing the scan obtained with a medical device. Results: on the basis of ultrasonic examination data analysis, we established a formula, which helps to calculate the spleen section area with the organ’s length and thickness. We performed retrospective analysis of 4,001 standard ultrasonic examinations followed by formula evaluation of the area of maximum axial section. Conclusion: on the basis of the comparative analysis of the measured and calculated areas of the maximum spleen axial section, we established a range of normal values of this parameter taking age and sex into account.

The study was aimed at establishing a new ultrasonic criterion of evaluating spleen dimensions in children (area of the maximum axial section) and determining the range of normal spleen dimensions. Patients and methods: We analyzed 838 ultrasonic spleen examinations in 3‑15‑year-old children and determined the area of the maximum axial section by tracing the scan obtained with a medical device. Results: on the basis of ultrasonic examination data analysis, we established a formula, which helps to calculate the spleen section area with the organ’s length and thickness. We performed retrospective analysis of 4,001 standard ultrasonic examinations followed by formula evaluation of the area of maximum axial section. Conclusion: on the basis of the comparative analysis of the measured and calculated areas of the maximum spleen axial section, we established a range of normal values of this parameter taking age and sex into account.

С целью выявления особенностей дисфункциональных расстройств билиарного тракта у детей, проживающих в условиях воздействия хрома, никеля и хлороформа, проведено динамическое ультразвуковое исследование желчного пузыря 120 детям в возрасте от 4 до 15 лет и 55 детям аналогичной возрастной категории, живущим на территории относительного санитарно-гигиенического благополучия. На основании проведенного ультразвукового исследования функции желчного пузыря выявлено, что дисфункциональные расстройства билиарного тракта достоверно чаще (в 1,4 раза) встречались у детей с повышенным содержанием в крови хрома, никеля и хлороформа. Авторами установлено, что у детей, проживающих в условиях воздйствия токсикантов, имеющих гипокинетический тип нарушения функции билиарного тракта, достоверно увеличено среднегрупповое содержание в крови хрома и никеля относительно детей этой же группы, имеющих гиперкинетический тип билиарной дисфункции. В итоге определены причинно-следственные связи между ультразвуковыми показателями, характеризующими функцию билиарного тракта (процент сокращения желчного пузыря, объем выделенной желчи, объемный расход желчи, время максимального сокращения желчного пузыря) и содержанием хрома, никеля и хлороформа в крови.

Introduction. The relevance of the research is attributed to the increased incidence of autoimmune thyroiditis in children, especially those dwelling in contaminated areas. Our objective was to study effects of environmental exposures to industrial chemicals on the course of autoimmune thyroiditis. Materials and methods. In order to establish the relationship between specific features of the course of autoimmune thyroiditis and adverse environmental exposures, we conducted a comparative study of incidence rates of thyroid diseases including thyroiditis, cytotoxicity testing, thyroid status assessment, antioxidant activity assays, and thyroid ultrasound. The observation group consisted of 98 children living the area with the developed metallurgical industry while the comparison group included 23 children living in a recreation area. The groups were matched by age and socio-economic characteristics. Results. We established that thyroiditis incidence rates in the industrially polluted area were almost thrice as high as those in the relatively clean area. The observation group was characterized by smoothed sexual differentiation, earlier development of the autoimmune thyroiditis, higher (up to 1.6 times) frequency of typical diffuse structural changes, and increased thyroid gland. Blood levels of metals having a direct cytotoxic effect on the thyroid gland were 2.0 to 6.7 times higher than normal in the cases compared to their matched controls. The correlation and regression analysis established contribution of chemicals to the increased incidence of autoimmune thyroiditis in children (zinc), antibodies to thyroid gland tissue (lead), thyroid-stimulating hormone (nickel), and decreased resistive indices (lead). Conclusion. High blood levels of lead, nickel and zinc were among the factors having an adverse effect on the course of AIT and thyroid function.

In article are reflected etiopathogenetical aspects of formation the disregenerative disturbances in mucous upper gastroenteric tract at patients, living in conditions of ecological trouble. On the basis of statistical processing the homeoctatic, clinical-biochemical, clinical-immunological, chemical, morpho-functional pa-rameters are revealed clinical-anamnestic and laboratory criteria of early diagnostics pf the disregenerative changes in a gastroenteric tract. The pathogenetic substantiation of the stage-by-stage approach to plot-ting the program of prophylactics the irreversible pathomorphological changes of a mucous membrane of stomach and duodenum depending on modifying influence of contaminant loadings of bioenvironments at physiological stages of process of affection is presented.

Nowadays, H. pylori contamination spread among people became a pandemic, including children population. Persistence of the given infection may lead not only to marked inflammatory changes in the mucous coat of stomach and duodenum but also to metastatic processes. It is undoubtedly necessary to duly perform an adequate eradication therapy. The authors of the given study share their experience in treatment of children with chronic H. pylori associated gastroduodenitis.Key words: H. pylori, eradication, children.