The study was aimed to determine the level of class G antibodies specific to Bp, Es, Pg (IgG-Bp, IgG-Es, IgG-Pg) in patients with colorectal and breast cancers. Material and methods. The content of these antibodies in the blood serum of healthy women (n=401), patients with colorectal cancer (n=219) and patients with breast cancer (n=1469) was studied using a non-competitive enzyme immunoassay. Statistical analysis of the results was performed using the Statistica 8.0 software. Results. The levels of IgG-Bp >7 and IgG-Es>6 were higher in patients with colorectal cancer than in healthy controls (66 % vs 25 %, p<0.0001, OR=5.9 and 58 % vs s 45 %, p=0.002, OR=1.7, respectively). The individual antibody ratios of IgG-Bp/IgG-Es >1, IgG-Bp/IgG-Pg>1.5, and IgG-Es/IgG-Pg>1.5 were also higher in patients with colorectal cancer than in healthy controls (74 % vs 34 %, p<0.0001, OR=5.6; 75 % vs 28 %, p<0.0001, and 58 % vs 38 %, p<0.0001, OR=2.3, respectively). Compared to healthy controls, breast cancer patients had higher values of IgG-Bp >6 (57 % vs 33 %, p<0.0001, OR=2.7) and IgG-Es>5 (62 % vs 53 %, p=0.003, or=1.4) and ratios of IgG-Bp/IgG-Es>1 (55 % vs 34 %, p<0.0001, or=2.4), IgG-Bp/IgG-Pg>1.3 (71 % vs 36 %, p<0.0001, or=4.5) and IgG-Es/IgG-Pg>1.4 (62 % vs 44 %, p<0.0001, or=2.1). Compared to breast cancer patients, colorectal cancer patients had higher values of IgG-Bp>7 (66 % vs 50 %, p<0.0001) and the ratios of igg-Bp/IgG-Es >1 (74 % vs 55 %, p<0.0001) and IgG-Bp/IgG-Pg>1.5 (76 % vs 60 %, p<0.0001). Conclusion. IgG-Bp, IgG-Es, and IgG-Pg immunoassay could serve as a screening tool to identify population at risk of colorectal and breast cancers.

Detection of postmenopausal women at high risk for breast pre-cancer and cancer is a key condition to prevent these diseases. Aim of our research was to study possible usage of immunoassay for antibodies specific to benzo[a]pyrene, estradiol, and progesterone (IgA-Bp, IgA-Es, IgA-Pg) in determination of personal risks for fibrocystic disease and breast cancer at the early stage, with respect to hormone receptor status in tumor tissues. Blood serum IgA-Bp, IgA-Es, IgA-Pg were studied by ELISA in postmenopausal women: healthy controls (n = 401), patients with fibrocystic breast disease (n = 50), and breast cancer (stage I, n = 575, stages II-IV, n = 861). High individual IgA-Bp/IgA-Pg ratios of 1.5 were found in 19.7% of healthy women, and in 50.0% of fibrocystic breast disease patients (p 0.0001; OR = 4.1). IgA-Es/IgA-Pg ratios of 1.0 were revealed in 48.4% healthy women and in 68.0% fibrocystic breast disease patients (p 0.01; OR = 2.3). IgA-Bp/IgAPg values 1.0 were found in 41.9% of healthy women, and, at higher rates, in the patients with breast cancer stage I: 68.3% ER- tumors (p 0.0001; OR = 3.0) and 75.9% ER+ tumors (p 0.0001; OR = 4.4). IgA-Es/ IgA-Pg ratios 1.0 were revealed in 48.4% of healthy women, and in patients with breast cancer stage I: 65.3% ER- tumors (p 0.003; OR = 2.0), and 76.8% ER+ tumors (p 0.0001; OR = 3.5). Some associations of studied antibodies with cancer progression were revealed. Frequency of individual cases with IgA-Bp/IgA-Pg 1.0 in patients with ER- tumors increased from 12.0% at stage I to 19.9% at stage II. Frequency of cases with IgA-Bp/IgA-Pg 1.0 in the patients with ER+ tumors decreased from 62.0% at stage I to 57.3% at stage II (p = 0.002). Frequency of cases with IgA-Es/IgA-Pg 1.0 in the patients with ER- tumors increased from 11.5% at stage I to 21.4% at stage II. Frequency of cases with IgA-Es/IgA-Pg 1.0 in patients with ER+ tumors decreased from 63.3% at stage I to 56.1% at stage II (p 0.001). The cases with individual excessive IgA-Bp and IgA-Es levels are associated with fibrocystic breast disease and ER+ breast cancer at the onset of the disease. Breast cancer progression was associated with the relative decrease of ER in tumor tissues, along with higher individual levels of IgA-Bp and IgА-Es and lower IgA-Pg levels. ELISA testing of IgА-Bp, IgА-Es, IgA-Pg could be recommended for detection of individual risk for fibrocystic breast disease and stage I of breast cancer, as well as for more efficient prevention and therapy by selective modulators of estrogen receptor (raloxifene, arzoxifene and lasofoxifine) and aromatase inhibitors (exemestane, anastrozole).

Serum concentrations of estradiol (Es) and progesterone (Pg), Es, Pg and benzo[a]pyrene-specific IgA and IgG antibodies were studied in 227 postmenopausal healthy women (HW) and 639 breast cancer patients (BCP). The high individual Pg/Es ratio ( 5.0) was revealed in HW (54.6%) and BCP (26.4%, p 0.0001, OR = 0.3) marked as “hormonal balance”. The low Pg/Es (≤ 5.0) ratio was detected more frequently in BCP (OR = 3.3) marked as “hormonal imbalance”. The high Pg/Es ratio was more common in HW with protective immunological phenotype (IgA-Bp/IgA-Pg ≤ 1 and IgA-Es/IgA-Pg ≤ 1) than with procarcinogenic immunological phenotype (IgA-Bp/IgA-Pg 1 and IgA-IgA-Es/IgA-Pg 1): 78.8 vs 47.4%, p = 0.005. The same parameters for IgG-immunological phenotypes in HW were 73.3 and 48.6%, p = 0.002. The differences between IgA-immunological phenotypes were lowered (41.6 vs 24.4%, p 0.007), whereas between IgG-phenotypes it was absent in BCP. Thus, for the first time it was revealed the influence of immunological phenotypes based on antibodies specific to the environmental chemical carcinogens and endogenous steroid hormones on the hormonal balance in HW and its reduced effects in BCP.

Previous studies found some associations between immunoglobulin class A antibodies specific to benzo[a]pyrene (IgA-Bp), estradiol (IgA-Es) and progesterone (IgA-Pg) as well as breast cancer (BC) in females and lung cancer (LC) in males. It was suggested that such antibodies affect serum Es and Pg levels.Our study was aimed at revealing putative features of mutual effects of IgA-Bp, IgA-Es and IgA-Pg on serum Es and Pg level both in healthy and BC females as well as healthy and LC males.Serum levels of Es and Pg and IgA-Bp, IgA-Es and IgA-Pg were measured by ELISA in 190 nonsmoking healthy and 518 BC females as well as 312 smoking healthy and 196 LC males.It was found that healthy subjects vs cancer patients prominently differed by assessing individual Pg/Es ratios: healthy vs BC females had it set at 6.6 vs 2.9 (p 0.0001), respectively, whereas in healthy vs LC males it was at 5.2 vs 10.1 (p 0.0001), respectively.Individual Pg/Es ratio paralleled in healthy females with high vs low IgA-Bp/IgA-Pg 1.5 and IgA-Es/IgA-Pg 1.5 ratios (3.5 vs 9.7, p 0.0001). No T such associations were observed in BC patients. In addition, the lowest individual Pg/Es ratio in healthy males was found together with IgA-Es/ IgA-Pg 1.5 ratios accompanied with IgA-Bp/IgA-Pg ≤ 1.5 (2.9) and peaked in case of concurrently low IgA-Bp/IgA-Pg ≤ 1.5 and IgA-Es/IgA-Pg ≤ 1.5 (5.2, p = 0.005) or high IgA-Bp/IgA-Pg 1.5 and IgA-Es/IgA-Pg 1.5 (6.5, p = 0.002). In contrast, the lowest Pg/Es ratio (7.4) was revealed in LC patients simultaneously bearing high IgA-Bp/IgA-Pg 1.5 and low IgA-Es/IgA-Pg ≤ 1.5 ratios compared to simultaneously low ratios (11.3, p = 0.002).In conclusion, individual Pg/Es ratios depended on individual IgA-Bp/IgA-Pg and IgA-Es/IgA-Pg ratios. A cooperative influence of serum antibodies specific to environmental chemical carcinogens and endogenous steroids on hormone balance was featured both in healthy subjects as well as BC females and LC males.The data obtained may be useful while developing new strategies to cancer prevention: by using selective modulators of estrogen receptors and aromatase inhibitors as well as for development of anticancer vaccines.

The relationship between autoantibodies specific to estradiol (Es)/ progesterone (Pg) and the concentrations of these hormones in the blood serum of healthy women and breast cancer patients has been previously revealed.Purpose: to study the association between anti-idiotypic antibodies to Es and Pg and the concentrations of these hormones in postmenopausal healthy women and breast cancer patients.Material and Methods. The levels of Es and Pg in the blood serum of 206 healthy women and 480 breast cancer patients were studied using competitive enzyme immunoassay. The levels of autoantibodies to Es and Pg and appropriate antiidiotypic antibodies in the same serums were studied using non-competitive enzyme immunoassay.Results. The high personal ratio of hormones (Pg/Es >4.0) was associated with the low breast cancer risk (OR=0.3; р<0.0001), high individual ratio of specific antibodies (IgA-Pg1/IgA-Es1>1.0; р=0.004) and high individual ratio of anti-idiotypic antibodies (IgG-Pg2/IgG-Es2>1.0; p<0.001) in healthy women, but not in breast cancer patients.Conclusion. The association between anti-idiotypic antibodies of G class specific to Es/ Pg and hormonal status was revealed in healthy women but not in breast cancer patients. Further studies on the mechanisms of immunoregulation of carcinogenesis are needed.

Previous studies found some associations between immunoglobulin class A antibodies specific to benzo[a]pyrene (IgA-Bp), estradiol (IgA-Es) and progesterone (IgA-Pg) as well as breast cancer (BC) in females and lung cancer (LC) in males. It was suggested that such antibodies affect serum Es and Pg levels. Our study was aimed at revealing putative features of mutual effects of IgA-Bp, IgA-Es and IgA-Pg on serum Es and Pg level both in healthy and BC females as well as healthy and LC males. Serum levels of Es and Pg and IgA-Bp, IgA-Es and IgA-Pg were measured by ELISA in 190 nonsmoking healthy and 518 BC females as well as 312 smoking healthy and 196 LC males. It was found that healthy subjects vs cancer patients prominently differed by assessing individual Pg/Es ratios: healthy vs BC females had it set at 6.6 vs 2.9 (p 1.5 and IgA-Es/IgA-Pg > 1.5 ratios (3.5 vs 9.7, p 1.5 ratios accompanied with IgA-Bp/IgA-Pg ≤ 1.5 (2.9) and peaked in case of concurrently low IgA-Bp/IgA-Pg ≤ 1.5 and IgA-Es/IgA-Pg ≤ 1.5 (5.2, p = 0.005) or high IgA-Bp/IgA-Pg > 1.5 and IgA-Es/IgA-Pg > 1.5 (6.5, p = 0.002). In contrast, the lowest Pg/Es ratio (7.4) was revealed in LC patients simultaneously bearing high IgA-Bp/IgA-Pg > 1.5 and low IgA-Es/IgA-Pg ≤ 1.5 ratios compared to simultaneously low ratios (11.3, p = 0.002). In conclusion, individual Pg/Es ratios depended on individual IgA-Bp/IgA-Pg and IgA-Es/IgA-Pg ratios. A cooperative influence of serum antibodies specific to environmental chemical carcinogens and endogenous steroids on hormone balance was featured both in healthy subjects as well as BC females and LC males. The data obtained may be useful while developing new strategies to cancer prevention: by using selective modulators of estrogen receptors and aromatase inhibitors as well as for development of anticancer vaccines.

Previous studies reported some associations between IgA and IgG antibodies specific to benzo[a] pyrene (Bp), estradiol (Es) and progesterone (Pg), and breast cancer (BC) in postmenopausal women. Likewise, the individual ratios of these antibodies (IgA-Bp/IgA-Pg, IgG-Bp/IgG-Pg, IgG-Es/IgG-Pg, IgG-Es/IgG-Pg) were associated with BC. It was suggested that development of antibodies to chemical carcinogens and steroid hormones was determined by functional polymorphisms of cytokine genes. The purpose of this study was to identify the suggested associations of antibodies to Bp, Es, Pg, and their individual ratios to the following gene polymorphisms: IL1RN (rs4251961), IL1B (rs16944), IL6 (rs1800795, rs1800796, rs1554606), IL8 (rs4073), TNFA (rs1800629) and CD40 (rs6074022) detected in postmenopausal healthy women and BC patients.The serum IgA and IgG antibodies specific to Bp, Es and Pg were studied in 470 healthy women and 995 BC patients by non-competitive solid phase immunoassay. The conjugates of Bp, Es, Pg with bovine serum albumin were used as adsorbed antigen. The goat antibodies against human IgA or IgG conjugated with horseradish peroxidase were used for the detection of bound hapten-specific antibodies. Cytokine gene polymorphisms were analyzed by the real-time PCR.Associations between the studied antibodies and their ratios with the gene polymorphisms in IL1RN (rs4251961), IL6 (rs1800795), TNFA (rs1800629) and CD40 (rs6074022) were found in healthy women. Higher individual ratios of IgA-Bp/IgA-Pg (p = 0.0001), IgG-Bp/IgG-Pg (p < 0.0001), IgG-Es/IgG-Pg (p = 0.0003) were associated with the allele C gene IL1RN. The higher IgG-Es levels were more common in the persons with allele G gene IL6 (p = 0.007), and with C allele of CD40 gene (p = 0.005). The high IgA-Pg levels were associated with A allele gene of TNFA (p = 0.008). Associations of antibodies were found only with genes polymorphisms in CD40 (rs6074022) in BC patients. Higher IgG-Es levels were more common in persons with allele T gene CD40 (p = 0.007).In conclusion, we revealed the participation of cytokines in immune regulation of antibody genesis for environmental chemical carcinogens and endogenous steroid hormones in healthy women and BC patients. The future investigations of antibodies specific to Bp, Es and Pg combined with the analysis genes polymorphisms in cytokines will be useful for detection of the individual hormone-dependent cancer risks in humans.

The following immunological phenotypes were described using immunoanalysis of blood serum IgABp, IgA-Es and IgA-Pg in 400 healthy women and 1284 breast cancer (BC) patients: “protective” with the minimal BC risk (OR=0.2–0.6) in which personal IgA-Pg level exceeded both IgA-Bp and IgA-Es; “procarcinogenic” with maximal BC risk (OR=2.1–6.2) in which both IgA-Bp and IgA-Es were higher than IgA-Pg; and two “compensatory” (OR=0.7–1.2) in which IgA-Pg levels exceeded IgA-Bp or IgAEs. Existence of one or the other immunophenotype did not depended from smocking or age. The diff erences in correlations of IgA-Bp with IgA-Es and IgA-Pg were revealed at these immunophenotypes. The results would be helpful in the creation and clinical application of anticarcinogenic vaccines for cancer immunoprevention.

В предыдущих работах были выявлены ассоциации IgA антител к бензо[а]пирену, эстрадиолу и прогестерону (IgA-Bp, IgA-Es, IgA-Pg) с раком молочной железы у женщин в постменопаузе.А также было обнаружено, что IgA-Es и IgA-Pg влияют на содержание стероидных гормонов, эстрадиола (Es) и прогестерона (Pg) в сыворотке крови здоровых женщин.Цель исследования -выявить предполагаемое участие IgA-Bp в иммунорегуляции Es и Pg в сыворотке крови здоровых женщин в постменопаузе соответствующими IgA-Es и IgA-Pg.Cодержание IgA-Bp, IgA-Es и IgA-Pg, а также концентрацию Es и Pg в сыворотке крови 190 здоровых женщин в постменопаузе определяли с помощью иммуноферментного анализа.Концентрация Es не зависела от уровней исследуемых антител.Концентрация Pg у женщин с высокими уровнями IgA-Pg в сочетании с низкими уровнями IgA-Es и IgA-Bp была выше (1,42 и 1,51 нмоль/л), чем у женщин с низкими уровнями IgA-Pg в сочетании с высокими уровнями IgA-Es и IgA-Bp (0,81 и 0,8 нмоль/л, p=0,0002 и p<0,0001 соответственно).Заключение: содержание Pg в сыворотке крови женщин в постменопаузе зависит от кооперативного влияния IgA-Pg, IgA-Es и IgA-Bp.Результаты исследования могут быть полезны для дальнейшего изучения патогенеза гормонозависимых опухолей.

Th e authors detected association of G-class antibodies specifi c to chemical carcinogen benzo[a]pyrene (IgG-Bp) with lung cancer in healthy men not working at coal mines. Objective — to reveal possibilities of immunoassay of IgG-Bp in evaluating risk of lung cancer in coal mine workers. Th e study covered serum IgG-Bp in 501 miners aged under 60 (161 healthy, not working in mine; 239 miners; 101 patients with lung cancer), by means of non-concurrent immune-enzyme analysis using benzo[a]pyrene conjugates with bovine serum albumin as an antigen. Findings are that increased levels of IgG-Bp in lung cancer patients are more frequent (50.5%) than in healthy men not working in mine (37.2%, p=0.047, OR=1.7) and in miners (30.5%, p=0.0008, OR=2.3). Length of service in mines did not infl uence serum levels of IgG-Bp in coal industry workers. In the miners, with age adjustment consideration, OR for lung cancer equaled 2.0 (p=0.01), and with adjustment for smoking OR=2.3 (p=0.001). Occupational (work in mine), lifestyle (smoking) and endogenous (age) factors do not have signifi cant infl uence on intensity of individual specifi c reaction to benzo[a]pyrene in males. Immunoassay of IgG-Bp is recommended for lung canc er diagnosis in coal mine workers.

A personalized lung cancer risk assessment is important for disease prevention.The aim of the studywas to estimate a significance of immunoanalysis of antibodies to benzo[a]pyrene, estradiol and progesterone for lung cancer risk prediction in men with respect to age and smoking.Material and methods. Serum antibodies to benzo[a]pyrene, estradiol and progesterone in the blood serum of 620 healthy men (279 smokers) and 827 lung cancer patients (627 smokers) were studied using semi-quantitative enzyme immunoassay.Results. The high lung cancer risk was observed in smokers aged over 55 years: oR=15.4 (11.5–20.8 95 % ci). the lung cancer risk in this group of patients was significantly lower when their levels of antibodies to benzo[a]pyrene and to estradiol were lower than those to progesterone: oR=3.2 (2.0–5.0). the lung cancer risk was higher when the personal levels of antibodies to benzo[a]pyrene and to estradiol were higher than the levels of antibodies to progesterone: oR=20.0 (10.5–38.1).Conclusion. The immunoassay of the blood serum antibodies specific to benzo[a]pyrene, estradiol and progesterone could be useful for determination of the lung cancer risk in men.

Specific antibodies against estradiol (Es) and progesterone (Pg) are known to modulate blood serum concentrations of these hormones and their biological effects after immunization of animals. It was suggested that specific IgA-Es and IgA-Pg could influence on Es and Pg levels in human blood serum. The purpose of this study was to identify the suggested correlations between serum Es and Pg and specific IgA-Es and IgA-Pg in postmenopausal healthy women (HW) and breast cancer patients (BCP). The serum levels of Es, Pg, IgA-Es and IgA-Pg were studied in 226 HW and 633 BCP by means of solid-phase immunoassay. The following results were obtained. The levels of Es in BCP (0.25 nmol/l) were higher than in HW (0.16; р < 0.0001). The levels of Pg were lower (0.79 vs 0.87; р < 0.0001), and individual Pg/Es ratios were lower (3.19 vs 6.64; р < 0.0001). Individual IgA-Pg/IgA-Es ratios correlated with decrease of Es (rs = -0.15; p = 0.029), with increase in Pg (rs = 0.38; р < 0.0001), and with increased Pg/Es ratio (rs = 0.29; р < 0.0001) in healthy women. Similar correlations were determined in BCP (correspondingly: rs = -0.14, р < 0.001; rs = 0.1, р = 0.009; rs = 0.15, р < 0.0001). The decrease of Es and increase of Pg and Pg/Es in BCP were less significant than in HW: the a quotients in regression у = ах+b (y = hormones levels and x = antibodies levels) in BCP were 3 to 4-fold lower than in HW. These peciliarities of interrelations between hormones and specific antibody levels were revealed only in ER+/PR+ BCP but not in ER+/PR- and ER-/PR- BCP. In conclusion, we have confirmed a suggestion about participation of specific antibodies in regulation of steroids levels in human blood serum. The immune regulation of hormonal status was weakened in BCP.

Introduction.Coal dust and coal fi ring products contain large amounts of carcinogenic chemicals (specifically benz[a]pyrene) that are different in influence on workers of coal mines and thermal power plants. Specific immune reactions to benz[a]pyrene therefore in these categories of workers can have specific features.Objective.To reveal features of antibodies specifi c to benz[a]pyrene formation in workers of coal mines and thermal power plants.Materials and methods.The study covered A and G class antibodies against benz[a]pyrene (IgA-Bp and IgG-Bp) in serum of 705 males: 213 donors of Kemerovo blood transfusion center (group 1, reference); 293 miners(group 2) and 199 thermal power plant workers (group 3). Benz[a]pyrene conjugate with bovine serum albumin as an adsorbed antigen was subjected to immune-enzyme assay.Results.IgA-Bp levels in the miners (Me = 2.7) did not differ from those in the reference group (Me = 2.9), but in the thermal power plant workers (Me = 3.7) were reliably higher than those in healthy men and in the miners (p<0.0001). Levels of IgG-Bp in the miners (Me = 5.0) appeared to be lower than those in the reference group (Me = 6.4; (p = 0.05). IgG-Bb level in the thermal power plantworkers (Me = 7.4) exceeded the parameters in the healthy donors and the miners (p<0.0001). Non-industrial factors (age and smoking) appeared tohave no influence on specific immune reactions against benz[a]pyrene in the miners and the thermal power plant workers.Conclusions.Specific immune reactions against benz[a]pyrene in the miners and the thermal power plant workers are characterized by peculiarities: the miners demonstrate lower levels of class A serum antibodies to benz[a]pyrene; the thermal power plant workers present increased serum levels of class G antibodies to benz[a]pyrene. These peculiarities result from only the occupational features, but do not depend on such factors as age, smoking and length of service at hazardous production. It is expedient to study specific immune reactions to benz[a]pyrene in workers of coal mines and thermal power plants, to evaluate individual oncologic risk and if malignancies occur.

Previous studies have revealed associations of antibodies, specific to chemical carcinogens and steroid hormones with lung cancer in men. However, the mechanisms of their formation and action were remained unclear. In particular, the relationships between antibodies and gene polymorphisms of cytokines were un- known. The purpose of this study was to identify possible associations between occurrence of A class antibodies, specific to benzo[a]pyrene, estradiol and progesterone (IgA-Bp, IgA-Es and IgA-Pg), and frequency of genetic polymorphisms of IL1RN VNTR, IL1В (rs1143634, rs16944), IL4 VNTR, IL6 (rs1800795), IL10 (rs1800896), TNFA (rs1800629, rs361525) genes in healthy male smokers and lung cancer patients.We have examined 381 men with non-small cell lung cancer and 158 apparently healthy donors without respiratory diseases. A non-competitive solid phase immunoassay of antibodies was performed. Analysis of polymorphic loci of IL1RN (VNTR, intron 2), IL4 (VNTR, intron 3) was performed by means of conventional PCR; IL1В (rs1143634, rs16944), IL6 (rs1800795) SNPs were detected by RFLP, and IL10 (rs1800896), TNFA (rs1800629, rs361525) genotyping was carried out with TaqMan Real-time PCR. Results of the study have shown that the proportion of cases with high level of IgA-Pg and low levels of both IgA-Bp and IgA-Es among the lung cancer patients was lower than in healthy men (OR = 0.31, p < 0.0001). Vice versa, the ratio of cases with high levels of both IgA-Bp and IgA-Es and low levels of IgA-Pg was higher in lung cancer patients (OR = 3.6, p < 0.0001). No relationships were revealed between the levels of antibodies, and rates of genetic polymorphisms for the studied cytokines in both groups of men. At the same time, the detected associations of IgA-Bp, IgA-Es and IgA-Pg with lung cancer proved to be significant only in carriers of certain cytokine genotypes, e.g., in AG IL10 heterozygotes (OR = 5.1, p < 0.0001).In conclusion, these results provide indirect evidence that IgA-Bp and IgA-Es could stimulate initiation and promotion of lung carcinogenesis. On the contrary, IgA-Pg could inhibit the promotion of carcinogenesis. Immunoassay of these antibodies combined with molecular biology studies of IL10 gene variants are recommended for the lung cancer risk assessment.

Previous studies reported some associations between class A antibodies specific for benzo[a]pyrene (IgA-Bp), estradiol (IgA-Es) and progesterone (IgA-Pg) and breast cancer (BC) in women like as with lung cancer (LC) in men. It was suggested that IgA-Bp and IgA-Es may stimulate tumor initiation and promotion, whereas IgA-Pg may inhibit the in vivo human carcinogenesis.The purpose of this study was to identify the suggested associations of such immunological imbalance with BC and LC in postmenopausal women.The serum A-class antibodies specific to benzo[a]pyrene, estradiol and progesterone (IgA-Bp, IgA-Es, IgA- Pg) were studied in 335 healthy women, 824 breast cancer (BC) patients and 127 cases of lung cancer (LC) by means of non-competitive solid phase immunoassay. The following results were obtained: Increased ratio of IgA-Bp and IgA-Es amounts exceeding the IgA-Pg levels was associated with a higher risk of breast cancer (OR = 2.8 and 2.4 respectively, p < 0.0001), and higher risk of LC (OR = 2.9 and 2.8, respectively, p < 0.0001). Conversely, the OR values decreased to 0.3-0.4 for BC and LC if IgA-Pg levels were higher than IgA-Bp and IgA-Es levels (p < 0.0001). These findings confirm the hypothesis that IgA-Bp and IgA-Es are capable to stimulate, and IgA-Pg, to inhibit the BC and LC occurrence n postmenopausal women. The balance between IgA-Bp and IgA-Es, on the one hand, and IgA-Pg, on the other hand, is much more important than individual contents of these antibodies.In conclusion, the phenomenon of “immunological interference” is revealed, i.e., the mutual enhancement of IgA-Bp and IgA-Es effects, thus, probably, stimulating the initial and subsequent events of carcinogenesis initiation and promotion, with a weak anticancer effect of IgA-Pg, and by weakening the mutual procarcinogenic effects of IgA-Bp and IgA-Es by the marked effect of IgA-Pg.

In the presented «case-control» study 890 residents of the Kemerovo Region subject to age, sex, ethnicity and smoking status were included. We formed two groups: 1) «Case» - 440 newly diagnosed lung cancer patients undergoing a medical treatment in the Kemerovo Regional Oncology Center (diagnosis «lung cancer» was determined by experienced doctors from the Kemerovo Regional Oncology based on the results of special medical examination); 2) «Control» - 450 healthy donors of the Kemerovo Regional Center of Blood Transfusion. The aim of this study was the analysis chromosomal aberrations (CAs) in lung cancer patients and healthy donors resident in the same territory. The following methods were used in our investigation: the routine method of lymphocytes cultivation and chromosomal aberration analysis. Statistical analysis were performed using nonparametric statistics (Mann-Whitney U Test for paired comparison of quantitative characteristics), logistic regression. It was determined that the CAs frequency (both chromatid- and chromosome-type aberrations) was significant increased in lung cancer patients compared to control group. Furthermore in 8 lung cancer patients were found Rogue cells that were contained polycentric, ring chromosomes and multiple pair dot fragments.