The use of microneedles for discrete and continuous monitoring and correction of the body state is a progressive direction in personalized medicine. The desire to minimize the consequences of invasive diagnostic methods and increase the effectiveness of drug therapeutic effects determines the intellectualization of microneedles, their designs and technologies of use. Microneedles and their arrays are presented as complex functional microsystems, the creation of which is based on the use of micro- and nanote-chnology processes, as well as heterogeneous organic-inorganic compositions.

The constructive and technological solutions of a new-generation interactive multimodal hybrid conformal sensor-correcting microsystem are presented. Functional modules of the microsystem made in the form of an ultrathin bracelet or patch with the possibility of being fixed to human skin are considered. The advantages of the proposed microsystem, its purpose and possible applications are discussed.

The paper proposes physical-technological solutions that provide passive protection of miniature wearable objects of the bio-and technosphere from the effects of electromagnetic radiation in the frequency range from 50 MHz to 18 GHz. Various conformal micro- and nanocompositions of electromagnetic shields and electromagnetic wave absorbers have been proposed and studied.

Рассматриваются микромеханические сенсоры на основе полимерной ионообменной мембраны с металлическими и полимерными электродами — ионных полимер-метал­лических композитов (ИПМК) и ионных полимер-полимерных композитов (ИППК). Исследования сенсоров размерами 20×5×0.3 мм проводились при пропитке различными электролитами: деионизованной водой, водным 0.1 М раствором CuSO4, этиленгликолем и ионной жидкостью. Показано, что ИПМК-сенсоры, пропитанные деионизованной водой, характеризуются наибольшим откликом (130 мВ/см). Добавление CuSO4 приводит к уменьшению выходного напряжения ИПМК- и ИППК-сенсоров. Напротив, большим временем непрерывной работы характеризуются ИПМК- и ИППК-сенсоры, пропитанные этиленгликолем и ионной жидкостью. Уменьшение выходного напряжения при переходе от деионизованной воды к этиленгликолю и ионной жидкости сильнее проявляется в ИПМК-сенсорах.

We consider micromechanical sensors based on a polymer ion-exchange membrane with metal and polymer electrodes: ionic polymer-metal composites (IPMCs) and ionic polymer-polymer composites (IP2Cs). The 20×5×0.3 mm sensors are studied when impregnated with various electrolytes such as deionized water, aqueous 0.1 M CuSO4 solution, ethylene glycol, and ionic liquid. It is shown that IPMC sensors impregnated with deionized water exhibit the strongest response (130 mV/cm). Adding CuSO4 decreases the output voltage of IPMC and IP2C sensors. To the contrary, IPMC and IP2C sensors impregnated with ethylene glycol and ionic liquid show longer times of continuous work. The decrease of output voltage in the case of ethylene glycol and ionic liquid compared to deionized water is most pronounced in IPMC sensors.

Electroactive polymers (EAP) are promising materials for creating electromechanical transducers. Among ionic EAP, ionic polymer-metal composites (IPMC), which are an ion-exchange membrane with metal electrodes on both sides, have been widely spread and well studied. The evolutionary development of IPMC results in ionic polymer-polymer composites (IP2C), in which polymer electrodes are used. To obtain IPMC actuators with platinum electrodes, the method of chemical reduction from the salt solution was chosen, and to obtain IP2C actuators with PEDOT electrodes, the method of in situ polymerization of the monomer on the membrane surface was chosen. Samples of 2x0.5 cm in size based on the MF-4SK membrane with a thickness of 290 μm were preliminarily kept in deionized water (H+ form) and in 0.1 M CuSO4 aqueous solution (Cu2+ form), after which their performance was studied in air, in deionized water, as well as in aqueous solutions of CuSO4 and NaCl. When applying a DC voltage and a sine wave AC voltage, a decrease in the maximum displacement and peak-to-peak displacement of the IPMC actuators and IP2C actuators with an increase in the ionic strength of the liquid was observed, except for the case of the IPMC actuator operation in CuSO4 aqueous solutions. In all considered media, the IPMC actuators and IP2C actuators in Cu2+ form displaced more strongly than the corresponding samples in H+ form, except for the IP2C actuators in deionized water. The largest peak-to-peak displacement was demonstrated by the IPMC actuators in Cu2+form when operating in air (5 mm) and the IP2С actuators in H+ form when operating in deionized water (8.4 mm).

The operation of actuators based on ionic polymer-metal composite using domestic polymer MF-4SK as a material for the polymer membrane is first studied. The polymer has a number of advantages compared to its foreign analog Nafion. Despite a well-known effect of ion mobility reduction, the composite demonstrates better actuation characteristics, namely, a larger amplitude of membrane deflection and a greater blocking force under the action of both constant and sinusoidal voltages.

Впервые исследована работа актюаторов на основе ионного полимер-металлического композита, в которых в качестве материала полимерной мембраны выступает отечественный полимер МФ-4СК, обеспечивающий ряд преимуществ по сравнению с зарубежным аналогом (Нафионом). Несмотря на известный эффект снижения ионной подвижности, композит демонстрирует усиление актюационных характеристик: увеличение амплитуды отклонения мембраны и блокирующей силы под действием как постоянного, так и синусоидального напряжения.

PANI and PEDOT:PSS films were produced on a dielectric substrate and characterized by optical and electron microscopy. The absorption coefficient of electromagnetic radiation in films is measured using a coplanar transmission line. The possibility of using conductive polymers (PANI and PEDOT:PSS) as the basis for conformal radiation-absorbent materials designed to protect bio- and technosphere objects is shown.

Experimental samples of ionic electroactive actuators with poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) electrodes (PEDOT) have been developed and produced. Measurements of amplitudes of a displacement, frequency and power characteristics of produced actuators were carried out. The influence of the membrane solvent, as well as the influence of the EDOT polymerization time on the sample structure and the output characteristics of actuators, was determined.

The purpose of this work is to improve the operational characteristics of actuators based on ionic polymer-metal composites (IPMC) by improving their manufacture technology. The optimal thickness of the ion-exchange membrane was determined. The technology of metal electrode deposition, the composition of actuator electrolyte solution and the storage method of actuators were optimized