Mesial temporal sclerosis (MTS) is the most common histopathology occurring in patients with drug-resistant temporal lobe epilepsy. Over the past decades, there have been various attempts to classify the variants of hippocampal neuronal cell loss in relation to postoperative outcome. However, no consensus on the common international definition and classification of MTS has been reached. The article describes the modern histological classification based on a semiquantitative hippocampal cell loss model. The publications dealing with the histological classification of mesial temporal sclerosis are reviewed.

Valproic acid (VA) is used in epileptology for the basic and additional control of simple and complex focal seizures, absences, generalized tonicclonic seizures, and myoclonus. Information has been recently stored on cases of chronic overdosage of VA due to its blood accumulation. These conditions are described in the use of both high and average therapeutic doses of VA preparations in patients with a genetically determined delay in metabolism. The paper presents current methods for clinical and laboratory diagnosis and correction of chronic intoxication when valproic acid preparations are administered during the prehospital, hospital and rehabilitation phases of treatment. The authors note that a personalized approach is of importance for dose adjustment and prediction of unwanted adverse drug reactions associated with the use of VA preparations.

Paraneoplastic limbic encephalitis (PLE) is clinical form of paraneoplastic neurological syndrome, an autoimmune disorder of the central nevrous system. The incidence of PLE is about 3 cases per 1,000 patients with cancer. PLE is characterized by acute or subacute development of memory disorders, symptomatic epilepsy, psychiatric disorders. The authors present the current data on the pathogenesis, clinical presentation, diagnosis, and treatment of PLE, a clinical case of symptomatic epilepsy in the 38-year-old man with PLE associated with testicular cancer.