The surface and internal tissues of the fruiting bodies of basidiomycetes were shown to be specific bacterial habitats characterized by varying diversity and structure of bacterial complexes. On the surface of fruiting bodies, Gram-negative bacteria of the genera Pseudomonas, Xanthomonas, and Myxococcus prevailed, while in the internal tissues Gram-positive bacteria of the genera Streptomyces, Bacillus, Arthrobacter, and Micrococcus were identified in addition. Bacterial complexes from the surface and inner tissues of the fruiting bodies of the studied basidiomycetes showed significant similarity to each other and differed from those from the hyphosphere and the reference soil. On the surface and in the internal tissues of the fruiting bodies, representatives of the genus Myxococcus were identified for the first time, which could indicate initial decay of the fruiting body.

Research of the hyphosphere of ten species of basidial macromycetes permitted them to be divided into two groups by the character of impact on bacteria. In the first group of basidiomycetes (Albatrellus ovinus, Gomphidius glutinosus, Clitocybe nebularis, Gymnopus confluens, Coltricia perennis, Ramaria stricta), inhibition of bacteria by the macromycetes was observed; in the second group (Geastrum fornicatum, Calocera viscosa, Clavariadelphus ligula, Lycoperdon perlatum), there was a stimulation that manifested itself in the change in the indicators of the total number of bacteria, share of cells with a damaged external membrane, and suppression of development of several genera. The obtained results speak for the diversity of the relations between the basidiomycetes and bacteria in this soil locus.

Influence of external soil mycelia of 6 dominant symbiotrophic basidiomycete species on taxonomic structure of the soil micromycete communities and biodiversity indices of this fungal group were subjects of the research. The investigation was conducted at sample plots in composite spruce forest and spruce forest without herbaceous stand on Krutitsy biostation, Tver region. Patterns of symbiotrophic basidiomycete mycelia impact on soil-born micromycetes biodiversity and community structure were established. In the majority of cases decrease of species number along with biodiversity indices value in active growth and sporocarp formation zone was detected. Taxonomic structure of the communities significantly changed according to regrouping of species belonging to different taxonomic groups. Sharp decrease of dominant species number, change of dominants and concentration of dominance, elimination of some species which were dominating in soil beyond the basidiomycete colonies were observed. Presence of tolerant micromycete species at the colony areas of all studied basidiomycete species was noted too.

The variability of spatial distribution of different mycelia types were analysed by point tests in soils on transsects at two plots in bilberry spruce forest and spruce forest without herbaceous stand (Zvenigorod Biological Station MSU, Moscow region). The mosaic character of the mycelial colonisation in soil was shown. General biomass and biomasses of each group of the mycelia depended on tree location such as on lower story character. Mycelia horizontal spatial distribution in soil and litter according colonial profile and the main patterns of its influence upon soil microbiota were revealed by means of point soil samples on radial transsects in the areas of 14 symbiotrophic and saprotrophic basidiomycetes mapped colonies. Significant differences in values of fungal and bacterial biomass at different points of profile transsects were detected. The pattern of impact on myco- and microbiota structure observed in the zone of active growth and basidiomata formation was typical for each species.

The review of the history and the present state of,the system of the genus Trichoderma is given. The understanding of the genus has changed significantly during last years. Firstly, the size of genus changed due to incorporation of two species from the genus Gliocladium. Secondly, many from 9 species aggregates, as defined by Rifai, were divided into separate species on the basis of molecular, data, geographical spreading and connections with teleomolph state. These investigations are in active stage now and presently about 31 species are accepted. Trichoderma is widely used for industrial, production of enzymes and biologically active substances and also in agriculture for protection of plants diseases. The uniform definition of species and their correct identification are important for researches in this field.

The analysis of micro- and mycobiota in radial transsects of the 16 mapped Lepista nuda fairy rings showed the significant differences in their distribution in the sites of mycelial active growth and in the center. In the central parts of colonies numerous destroyed mycelial fragments of L. nuda were found by direct microscope analysis; the amounts of actinomycetes were increased, but micromycetes decreased. It was shown in that the significance of increasing of actinomycetes,populations producing mycolytic enzymes and antifungal antibiotics is one of the mechanisms causing the reorganization of mycobiota in the central parts of the L. nuda fairy rings.