A laboratory experimental setup based on scintillation detectors is described, which is used in the educational process at MEPhI. The setup is designed to study methods for investigating the characteristics of scintillators as well as the operation of a silicon photoelectron multiplier. The results of measuring the spectra from standard gamma-radiation sources using various scintillators are shown, calibration is carried out, and an estimation of the energy resolution of the detectors is given.

The cryogenic system of the RED-100 two-phase emission detector has been modified to enable operation with liquid argon as a working medium with the aim of searching for the effect of coherent elastic scattering of reactor electron antineutrinos by argon nuclei.

The article describes a prototype device for monitoring the level of phase separation, which can be used for operational control of the delayed coking process in the petrochemical industry. A scheme and design of an experimental device developed by the authors, consisting of an organic plastic scintillator and an array of silicon photomultipliers, is presented. A computer simulation of the response of a scintillation detector under conditions of the actual geometry of the coke drum is presented. Experimental results demonstrating the performance of the device are presented.

RED-100 is a two-phase Xe detector designed and built for the study of coherent elastic neutrino-nucleus scattering CEvNS of reactor antineutrinos. A comprehensive calibration was performed in order to obtain important parameters of the detector during its exposition at the Kalinin Nuclear Power Plant (Tver, Russia). This paper describes the analysis of calibration data, position and energy reconstruction procedures, and evaluation of the efficiency of electron extraction from the liquid xenon to the gas phase.

Показано, что рабочий объем двухфазного эмиссионного детектора РЭД-100, работающего в условиях наземной лаборатории и использующего жидкий ксенон в качестве рабочего вещества, является источником одноэлектронных шумовых сигналов с характерной частотой ~200 кГц. Обсуждаются возможные механизмы генерации шумов такого рода и методы их подавления.

— It is shown that the working volume of the RED-100 two-phase emission detector, which operates in a ground-based laboratory with liquid xenon used as a working substance, is a source of single-electron noise signals with a characteristic frequency of ~200 kHz. Possible mechanisms of generation of these noises and methods for their suppression are discussed.

The RED-100 experimental setup, which is designed to detect elastic coherent neutrino scattering off xenon nuclei, is described. One specific feature of this setup is the possibility of using it in above ground experiments. The setup is based on the RED-100 two-phase emission detector in which liquid xenon is used as a working medium for detection of rare events. The results of the technical run with the setup are presented. These are the evidence of the normal operation of all systems and the readiness of the setup for carrying out an experiment.

This investigation was performed on a vessel heat-engineering bench. The working medium was water under pressure up to it 20.5 MPa and temperature from 20 (cold) to 350°C (hot). The controllers were a β-emission sensor of level and a Sapfir-22DD differential manometer as the standard. The objective was to determine the characteristics of a β-emission sensor under the conditions of the working medium. Analysis of the experimental data showed that the indications of the β-emission sensor and differential manometer were identical and linear as a function of the level of both the cold and hot water. The characteristics of the β-emission sensor are: minimal response time and measurement error, very small dimensions, serviceability at pressures to 20.5 MPa and temperature to 350°C, at least 10 years life, and energy independence of the primary converter.

The MBIR multipurpose, sodium-cooled, fast reactor designed by NIKIET is supposed to be started up in 2019 on the grounds of NIIAR. The reactor will be used to study and test new types of nuclear fuel, coolant, and building materials. This article reviews the subcriticality monitoring system of the MBIR reactor facility. The purpose, composition, and mathematical software of the subcriticality monitoring system are described.

The most important component of reliable and safe operation of a nuclear reactor is controlling its distributed and general parameters. Different in-reactor control systems used previously and currently in NPP with RBMK are examined. The means for controlling the power release in the reactor core are examined and the methods for reconstructing the power release in RBMK are reviewed briefly.

One way to decrease the dispersion of the reconstruction of the radial-azimuthal power-release distribution in the Prizma-M code of the SKALA-mikro RBMK information and measuring system is examined. It reduces to using iteration together with statistical interpolation. The expediency of this approach is shown on the basis of sections of the states of the No. 4 unit at the Leningradskaya NPP and the No. 1 unit at the Smolensk NPP.

A computational-experimental procedure for reconstructing the axial neutron flux density and power-release distributions using the Prizma-M program is described. An approach to reconstructing the axial neutron flux density and power-release distributions in the RBMK-1000 assembly channels by using extended detectors with a hafnium dioxide emitter to scan the core is presented. This approach made it possible to compare the reconstruction accuracy of the semi-empirical and computational-experimental procedures used in Prizma-M. It is shown that the reconstruction error for the axial neutron-flux density distribution does not exceed the attested error of the Prizma-M program.

A technique for studying single-electron noise in emission detectors that are intended for detection of rare processes with small energy releases is developed. Examples of possible applications are experiments for search of dark matter in the Universe and detection of reactor antineutrinos via coherent neutrino scattering at heavy xenon nuclei. We present the first results of studying the nature of single-electron noise in a liquid-xenon emission detector and consider possible ways to suppress it.

An algorithm is proposed for reconstructing the radial-azimuthal distribution of the energy release in an RBMK-1000 core and its program implementation is constructed. Calculations of the dependence of the ratio of the sensitivity of a hafnium detector on the integrated current are presented. It is shown that the proposed algorithm will make it possible to increase the reconstruction accuracy of the power of process channels.