The development of kidney injury and the characteristics of renal replacement therapy were considered in patient with dilated cardiomyopathy, who consequently underwent two heart transplantations and two kidney transplantations. Since the number of the patients needed both kidney and heart transplantation increases constantly, the multifaceted thorough research in this specific patient population is extremely important.

The development of kidney injury and the characteristics of renal replacement therapy were considered in patient with dilated cardiomyopathy, who consequently underwent two heart transplantations and two kidney transplantations. Since the number of the patients needed both kidney and heart transplantation increases constantly, the multifaceted thorough research in this specific patient population is extremely important.

Hyperhydration, the sum of persistent (PH) and intermittent (IH) ones is the strong predictor of mortality in patients on program haemodialysis (PHD). The aim of this research was to investigate the complex of methods for minimization of PH as well as IH. Materials and methods. The bioimpedance multifrequency analysis (BIA), relative blood volume (RBV) monitoring and plasma conductivity evaluation by ionic dialysance device were performed in candidates for kidney transplantation. Results. In 380 PHD patients, comparing with 26 healthy persons the expansion of extracellular volume was only observed even in the cases of the huge (3.5–15 L) overload. PH of more than 15% of extracellular volume was observed in 41% of patients. The deviation of hydration status from reference value was 3.7 ± 1.4 L at first measurement and 1.9 ± 1.2 L at last one in every patient. RBV decreased insignificantly (less than 2.5% / L ultrafiltration) during PHD sessions in patients with PH. This value increased after dry weight consummation and it appeared as surrogate of intravascular refueling capacity. The minimization of sodium dialysate – plasma gradient resulted in decrease of IH. Conclusion. The elimination of both PH and IH in PHD patients is the paramount goal; it demands the complex approaches and further investigations.

The experience of the introduction of convective methods since the eighties of the 20th century is described. Aim: to evaluate the influence of convective transport supplementation on renal replacement therapy results. Methods and results. The number of convective procedures was applied: hemodiafiltration with commercial substituted fluid, paired filtration dialysis, acetate-free biofiltration, original hybrid methods, online hemodiafiltration. The main trend was the magnification of substituted volume. In the long run after switching from conventional dialysis to convective therapy the increase of Kt/V, the decline of phosphate, the rise of serum albumin, the decrease of CRP level and ESA consumption, QOL improvement and the drop in severity of intradialysis complications were observed. Over last six years online hemodiafiltration has become the standard of dialysis therapy in our Center. Conclusion. The undoubted advantages of convective modalities and accessibility of online hemodiafi ltration make these methods the gold standard of dialysis therapy.

The experience of the introduction of convective methods since the eighties of the 20th century is described. Aim:  to evaluate the infl uence of convective transport supplementation on renal replacement therapy results. Methods  and results. The number of convective procedures was applied: hemodiafi ltration with commercial substituted fl uid, paired fi ltration dialysis, acetate-free biofi ltration, original hybrid methods, online hemodiafi ltration. The main trend was the magnifi cation of substituted volume. In the long run after switching from conventional dialysis to convective therapy the increase of Kt/V, the decline of phosphate, the rise of serum albumin, the decrease of CRP level and ESA consumption, QOL improvement and the drop in severity of intradialysis complications were observed. Over last six years online hemodiafi ltration has become the standard of dialysis therapy in our Center. Conclusion. The undoubted advantages of convective modalities and accessibility of online hemodiafi ltration make these methods the gold standard of dialysis therapy.

Intradialytic hypotension (IDH) remains an important cause of morbidity and mortality in chronic hemodialysis (HD) patients and can be ameliorated by low temperature HD. Biofeed-back temperature-control device BTM® (Fresenius Medical Care, Germany) was used for precision temperature measurement and to deliver isothermic (ITD) or thermoneutral (TND) dialysis. At stage one 24 stable dialysis patients were studied in terms of inlet blood temperature (IBT) variation during sessions with normal (36,5 °С-ND) and cold dialysate (35 °С-CD). IBT was increasing in both cases however the increase was significantly lower in CD. At stage two, 18 patients underwent programmed cooling during two ITD and two TND sessions. In TND high correlation (r = 0.66; р < 0.05) was observed between IBT increase and ultrafiltration rate. Keeping IBT stable during ITD required cons- tant decrease of dialysate temperature to 34.9 ± 0.2 °С at the end of session. At stage three, 19 IDH-prone patients were displaced from regular dialysis program to ITD. As a result,the decrease overall rate of IDH from 36.2 ± 1.1% to 11.3 ± 4,6% was observed. Conclusions: 1. The main mechanism of body temperature raise during HD is heat retention secondary to the compensatory response to loss of plasma volume, resulting in increase of the total peripheral resistance. 2. CD is effective for IDH prevention. 3. ITD is the optimal version of CD.

Bioimpedance analysis has been widely used to estimate a hydration state, lean and fat mass in haemodialysis patients. The aim of our study was to investigate the validity and usefulness of bioimpedance analysis in routine dialysis practice. Last two years we used the body composition monitoring (BCM, Fresenius Medical Care), method based on whole body multifrequency bioimpedance spectroscopy (BIS), compared with traditional clinical data. For BIS data verification, hydration status of 32 stable HD patients with dialysis vintage more than 3 years and clinically well established dry weight were studied. Only in three cases BIS data seems underestimated in serial measurements. Next step, 28 healthy subjects and 116 dialysis patients were studied. Total body water and extracellular volume (ECV) were significantly higher in dialysis group (P<0.01), and there was not any difference in intracellular volume (ICV). Mean AP was similar in patients with moderate (<15%) and massive (>15%) relative overhydration (RO = overhydration / ECV), at the same time, average number of antihypertensive medications was significantly higher in more overhydrated patients (3.1 vs 1.2). In clinical practice RO is more convenient indicator as compared to standard overhydration volume /dry weight ratio. Mutual application of the BIS and blood volume monitoring allows more rapid and safe dry weight achievement. BIS was useful tool for hydration status monitoring in routine haemodialysis practice, and further work need to be done to clarify BIS validity for nutritional status estimation.