The numbers of chromosomes and nucleoli in cultured cells of Vitis amurensis transformed with the rolB oncogene from A. rhizogenes have been studied. In general, the integration of the rolB gene in grape DNA mostly caused the elevation of the level of the chromosome variability, as well as higher numbers of nucleoli in the cultured cells. The possible influence of the observed chromosomal modifications on the productivity parameters of the grape cell cultures is discussed.

The numbers of chromosomes and nucleoli in cultured cells of Vitis amurensis transformed with the rolB oncogene from A. rhizogenes have been studied. In general, the integration of the rolB gene in grape DNA mostly caused the elevation of the level of the chromosome variability, as well as higher numbers of nucleoli in the cultured cells. The possible influence of the observed chromosomal modifications on the productivity parameters of the grape cell cultures is discussed.

The influence of 5-azacitidine (5A) DNA-demethylation agent on Amur grapes (Vitis amurensis Rupr) cellular culture with the help of karyological indicators is described in the article. The chromosomal variability increase and the kernel relation reduction as the result of 5A processing in various studied culture concentrations are determined. These processes testify the cells protein biosynthesis activation.

Выполнено кариологическое исследование представителей популяций лиственницы из разных частей ареала Larix olgensis A. Henry в Приморском крае. Подтверждено, что основным числом хромосом для лиственницы ольгинской является n = 12 (2n = 24). Во всех изученных популяциях наблюдалась миксоплоидия. Выявлено отличие индивидумов из ареала лиственницы ольгинской по количеству клеток с разным уровнем плоидности как от популяции из L. olgensis locus classicus, так и от L. sibirica и L. gmelinii, что по-видимому является следствием их гибридной природы.

Karyological study of larch population members from different parts of the Larix olgensis L. Henry areal in the Primorskii krai has been carried out. The main amount of chromosomes for larch as n = 12 (2n = 24) has been confirmed. Mixoploidy was observed in all studied populations. The difference of individuals from the larch areal based on the cell amount with a different level of ploidity has been found in the population of L. olgensis locus classicus and both L. sibirica and L. gmelinii, which is probably a consequence of their hybrid nature.

Six species of Iris L. genus (I. setosa, I. ensata, I. oxypetala, I. pseudocorus, I. pumila, and I. laevigata) were comparatively studied using the RAPD and cytogenetic analyses of genomes of their callus cultures and intact donor plants. The closest genetic similarity was observed in callus cultures derived from the same donor plant and the least similarity, in calli from the plants of different genera. During culturing, genetic changes occur on interspecies and intraspecies levels, and the extent of these changes seems to depend on species. A cytogenetic analysis of callus cultures and donor plants of the six Iris species showed that the modal class of cell population is constituted by the cells with the diploid chromosome set of parent donor plant. Hence, the in vitro cell populations retain the basic genome features of the species despite their significant genetic heterogeneity.

Chromosome numbers were studied in ginseng cell line 1c transformed with Agrobacterium rhizogenes strain A4, which carried plasmid pRiA4, and with A. tumefaciens strain GV3101, which carried vector pPCV002-35SrolC, As compared with the nontransformed cell line 1c, tumor cell cultures 1c-A4 and 1c-rolC and the tissues of rolC teratoma (excluding leaves) displayed higher polyploidy and aneuploidy, The 1c-A4 and 1c-rolC hairy-root cultures also had aneuploid and polyploid cells, but the chromosome variation was lower than in tumor cells or the initial culture 1c. Generally, an increase of chromosome variation in cultivated cells was the main effect of the integration of several oncogenes, which were in A. rhizogenes A4 T-DNA, or of the individual rolC gene in the ginseng genome. Another effect consisted in stabilization of the chromosome number in some differentiated transgenic tissues. Possible reasons for this effect are discussed.

Chromosome numbers were was studied in ginseng cell line 1c transformed with Agrobacterium rhizogenes strain A4, which carried plasmid pRiA4, and with A. tumefaciens strain GV3101, which carried vector pPCV002-35S rolC. As compared with the nontransformed cell line 1c, tumor cell cultures 1c-A4 and 1c-rolC and the tissues of rolC teratoma (excluding leaves) displayed higher polyploidy and aneuploidy. The 1c-A4 and 1c-rolC hairy-root cultures also had aneuploid and polyploid cells, but the chromosome variation was lower than in tumor cells or the initial culture 1c. Generally, an increase of chromosome variation in cultivated cells was the main effect of the integration of several oncogenes, which were in the A. rhizogenes A4 T-DNA, or of the individual rolC gene in the ginseng genome. Another effect consisted in stabilization of the chromosome number in some differentiated transgenic tissues. Possible reasons for this effect are discussed.