Herpes viruses are widespread in the human population, they are able to infect almost all organs and systems of the body. Currently, 8 serotypes of herpesviruses pathogenic for humans are known: herpes simplex viruses of the 1st and 2nd. type, chickenpox — herpes zoster, cytomegalovirus, Epstein-Barr virus, 6th, 7th and 8th human herpes viruses. Primary infection with herpes viruses in 60—90% of cases occurs in early childhood, and, as a rule, is not accompanied, by typical clinical manifestations. Due to the lack of mandatory registration of the incidence of herpes virus infections in our country, the true number of patients is unknown. It is believed that about 20 million people are infected, every year in Russia and. the CIS countries. Herpes viruses, to a greater or lesser extent, can be considered, hepatotropic. A large number of studies are devoted, to the problem, of cytomegalovirus infection, one of the manifestations of which, is hepatitis. Most often, cytomegalovirus hepatitis occurs in immunocompromised. individuals or in patients receiving immunosuppressive therapy, cases of cytomegalovirus hepatitis and in immunocompetent individuals are also described. With liver transplantation without antiviral therapy, cytomegalovirus infection manifests itself in 11-28,5% of recipients and. can lead, to the development of liver failure, loss of transplant and. death, of the recipient. Performing diagnostic studies using both, serological and. molecular biological methods at different periods after liver transplantation, allows to detect cytomegalovirus infection timely and. initiate treatment, thereby avoiding graft rejection and. the death, of the recipient.

Herpes viruses are widespread in the human population, they are able to infect almost all organs and systems of the body. Currently, 8 serotypes of herpesviruses pathogenic for humans are known: herpes simplex viruses of the 1st and 2nd. type, chickenpox — herpes zoster, cytomegalovirus, Epstein-Barr virus, 6th, 7th and 8th human herpes viruses. Primary infection with herpes viruses in 60—90% of cases occurs in early childhood, and, as a rule, is not accompanied, by typical clinical manifestations. Due to the lack of mandatory registration of the incidence of herpes virus infections in our country, the true number of patients is unknown. It is believed that about 20 million people are infected, every year in Russia and. the CIS countries. Herpes viruses, to a greater or lesser extent, can be considered, hepatotropic. A large number of studies are devoted, to the problem, of cytomegalovirus infection, one of the manifestations of which, is hepatitis. Most often, cytomegalovirus hepatitis occurs in immunocompromised. individuals or in patients receiving immunosuppressive therapy, cases of cytomegalovirus hepatitis and in immunocompetent individuals are also described. With liver transplantation without antiviral therapy, cytomegalovirus infection manifests itself in 11-28,5% of recipients and. can lead, to the development of liver failure, loss of transplant and. death, of the recipient. Performing diagnostic studies using both, serological and. molecular biological methods at different periods after liver transplantation, allows to detect cytomegalovirus infection timely and. initiate treatment, thereby avoiding graft rejection and. the death, of the recipient.

Aim. To estimate the distribution of genotypes and subgenotypes of the hepatitis B virus among military personnel with chronic viral hepatitis B. Materials and methods. The work used samples of blood plasma and biopsy material obtained from 90 active or retired military personnel with chronic viral hepatitis B with various degrees of fibrosis undergoing treatment in St. Petersburg. Primary detection of HBV was carried out by isolating nucleic acids (NK) from the blood plasma using the «AmplePrime Ribo-prep» commercial kit (FBIS CRIE, Moscow). Specific primers were used for the amplification and sequencing reaction. Overlapping primer pairs were used, jointly flanking 1475 base pairs (bp) fragment, including the recommended for HBV genotyping the 1169 bp Pre-S1/Pre-S2/S. Results. Among 90 samples from patients with chronic viral hepatitis B from different regions of the Russian Federation, HBV subgenotypes are represented in the following ratios: D2 = 45.6% (n=41), D1 = 32.2% (n=29), D3 = 13.3% (n=12), A2 = 6.7% (n=6), D4 and A1 by 1.1%, respectively. The distribution of HBV subgenotypes from the North Caucasian federal district (D1 – 63.6%, D2, D3, D4, A2 – by 9.1%) was significantly different from the distribution among patients from the Central and North-Western federal districts (D1-20, 9%, D2 – 58%, D3 – 16.3%, A2 – 4.8%) (χ2=11,9приp=0,0076, df=3). Uncharacteristic for the Russian Federation subgenotypes D4 and A1, representing single imported cases. The tendency to shift the distribution of genovariants due to imports of the corresponding HBV subgenotypes from other countries, including the Central Asian countries, is discussed. Conclusion. A systematic study of the HBV isolates phylogeny provides new information about the HBV subgenotypes distribution among certain population groups, including military personnel.

Objective: To evaluate relationships between virological and morphological data in patients with chronic hepatitis B in phase immune control and reactivation.Materials and methods: The study involved 46 patients with chronic hepatitis B, indicators defined were content of surface antigen and hepatitis B virus DNA in the peripheral blood, the level of covalently closed circular HBV DNA in liver tissue and fibrosis stage and histological activity index (METAVIR).Results: The study found a direct correlation between the level of covalently closed circular DNA in liver puncture biopsies (number of copies per cell) and quantitative content of HBsAg in serum (r = 0,51, p = 0,03) in patients with chronic hepatitis B in phase immune control. Also in the immune control phase a direct correlation between the HBV DNA and the level of HBsAg in serum (r = 0.79, p = 0.0001) is shown. The level of covalently closed circular HBV DNA in liver puncture biopsy specimens did not differ in patients with chronic hepatitis B in the phase of immune control in the phase of reactivation (1,02 ± 0,01 copies / cell and 1,03 ± 0,03 copies / cell, p = 0.72). The index of histological activity and fibrosis were not correlated with any of the investigated virological indicator.Conclusion: Results of the study emphasized the complexity and ambiguity of the relationships between both virological and morphological indicators in patients with chronic hepatitis B, determined the direction for further study (in particular the assessment of the epigenetic regulation of the synthesis of circular covalently closed DNA), as well as set the stage for improving the principles of dynamic observing the patients with chronic hepatitis B in a phase of immune control.

Objective : To evaluate relationships between virological and morphological data in patients with chronic hepatitis B in phase immune control and reactivation. Materials and methods : The study involved 46 patients with chronic hepatitis B, indicators defined were content of surface antigen and hepatitis B virus DNA in the peripheral blood, the level of covalently closed circular HBV DNA in liver tissue and fibrosis stage and histological activity index (METAVIR). Results: The study found a direct correlation between the level of covalently closed circular DNA in liver puncture biopsies (number of copies per cell) and quantitative content of HBsAg in serum (r = 0,51, p = 0,03) in patients with chronic hepatitis B in phase immune control. Also in the immune control phase a direct correlation between the HBV DNA and the level of HBsAg in serum (r = 0.79, p = 0.0001) is shown. The level of covalently closed circular HBV DNA in liver puncture biopsy specimens did not differ in patients with chronic hepatitis B in the phase of immune control in the phase of reactivation (1,02 ± 0,01 copies / cell and 1,03 ± 0,03 copies / cell, p = 0.72). The index of histological activity and fibrosis were not correlated with any of the investigated virological indicator. Conclusion: Results of the study emphasized the complexity and ambiguity of the relationships between both virological and morphological indicators in patients with chronic hepatitis B, determined the direction for further study (in particular the assessment of the epigenetic regulation of the synthesis of circular covalently closed DNA), as well as set the stage for improving the principles of dynamic observing the patients with chronic hepatitis B in a phase of immune control.