Aim. We studied the mechanisms of hypotension and tachycardia induced by high-dose ethanol (4.5g/kg body weight, i.p.). Methods. Blood pressure was recorded through a catheter in conscious unrestrained rats and processed beat-to-beat to estimate mean arterial pressure (MAP) and heart rate (HR) values. MAP dynamics was analysed by wavelet decomposition. Vasoconstictor responses of isolated tail artery were studied under constant-flow perfusion. Results. Ethanol administration was followed by a rapid decrease of MAP (by 36±4mm Hg) and increase of HR (by 48±12bpm); the changes persisted for 2.5-3 hours.

The review analyzws the literature on the pathological alterations of endothelium, smooth muscle and vasomotor innervation of arterial vessels in animal modes of type 1 diabetes mellitus. Particular attention is paid t the analysis of mechanisms of diabetic abnormalities in the light of modern knowledge on the functioning of the main components of the vascular wall.

В обзоре рассмотрены патологические изменения эндотелия, гладкой мышцы и вазомоторной иннервации артериальных сосудов при экспериментальном СД 1 типа. Особое внимание уделено анализу механизмов диабетических нарушений в свете современных представлений о функционировании основных компонентов сосудистой стенки.