The considerable resources of thermal mineral water of the Paratunskoe Deposit are used in heating systems and balneology. The exhaust water enters a mud-bath water body as feed water. Of interest is the effect of chemical factors of thermal water on the ecological state of the silt sulfide therapeutic mud (peloid). The proportion of thermal water in the feed water of the lake reaches 40%. The effect of thermal water on the peloid structure is simulated by their different concentration used to activate the peloid by liquefaction, heating, mixing, and appropriate oxygen regime (aerobic or anaerobic). The ecological effect of thermal mineral water manifests itself in changes in mud solution chemistry, as well as in the total number of autochthonous microorganisms, and the development of their physiological and geochemical activity. The level of ecological activation is characterized by the number of microorganisms, their physiological activity, physicochemical changes in the mud solution (pH and Eh), as well as the concentration of hydrogen sulfide and ammonia. Small doses are found to have a stimulating effect, while the high proportion of thermal water was found to suppress the geochemical activity of microorganisms. The ecological groups and the lines of physiological activities of microorganisms tolerant to the effect of toxic factors of thermal waters were identified.

The present work describes the physico-chemical, sanitary and microbiological properties of the peloid and feeding waters of Lake Utinoye (Kamchatka), investigated over 50 years of operation of the mud deposit “Lake Utinoye”. An increasing presence of thermomineral waters of the Paratunsky hydrothermal deposit in the composition of the feeding waters of the lake has been established. The content of microelement components in the surface waters and in the ecological structure of the peloid is determined. It discovers the ratio of micronutrient concentrations in the ecological structure of the peloid, the accumulation of toxic substances in the solid phase of the peloid. The degree of non-compliance of peloids with medical conditions is established, the description of the method of substandard medical mud activation and its comparison with the efficiency of passive regeneration are given. The structure of a specific microbial community involved in the formation of therapeutic mud is determined. The action mechanisms of thermal water chemical factors at the level of microelements on the community of bottom microorganisms of therapeutic mud have been established. The paper describes the physicochemical, biochemical and microbiological mechanisms of peloid regeneration. The dynamics of sanitary and bacteriological parameters of therapeutic mud in the process of their regeneration in the mud storage is established. The level of the most important manifestations of the peloid biological activity based on the dynamics of the survival of the potentially pathogenic flora in the activation of therapeutic mud has been established.

КРИТеРИИ оБоЗНаЧеНИЯ И оЦеНКа ТеРМоМИНеРаЛЬНЫХ ВоД КаМЧаТКИРогатых С.В., Мурадов С

В статье приводятся данные по выявлению зависимости развития пелоидной микрофлоры от концентрации ионов токсичных металлов всреде. Различное соотношение концентраций ионов достигалось путем различных разведений грязевого материала термальной водой Паратунских термальных источников. Критерием устойчивости микроорганизмов ксодержанию токсичных металлов всреде служил рост численности этих микробов всравнении сконтрольным вариантом и собразцами, содержащими меньшее количество термальной воды. Впроцессе инкубирования проб установлено, что вопределенных соотношениях, при высокой концентрации термальной воды, происходит угнетение нарастания биомассы микроорганизмов. На основании экспериментальной оценки влияния эффекта разведения термальной водой на микроорганизмы лечебной грязи можно заключить, что существует зависимость роста микробной численности от концентраций привнесенных стермальной водой ионов токсичных элементов. Результаты эксперимента подтверждают данные об угнетающем действии ионов токсичных металлов итребуют дальнейшего изучения проблемы.

Quantitative and qualitative composition of the cultivated acidophilic microorganisms obtained from the enrichment cultures on the universal medium inoculated with the samples of Shanuch deposit (Kamchatka peninsula) was investigated. The clone library (N = 93) containing eubacterial and archaeal 16S rRNA gene insertions was analyzed. DNA sequences were grouped into 5 ribotypes related to four known genera and one family. Most microorganisms (92%) were shown to belong to the genus Acidithiobacillus. One more group of microorganisms was identified as belonging to the family Acetobacteriaceae (3%); one microorganism was identified as a member of the genus Acidiphilium. Apart from eubacteria, the sequences specific for archaea of the genera Thermococcus (3%) and Ferroplasma (2%) were found; however, these sequences could not be reliably referred to any known species. Quantitative ratio of the microorganisms from the enrichment cultures was determined using real-time PCR. Species-specific test systems were used to determine that the sequences of A. ferrooxidans, A. thiooxidans, and Ferroplasma acidiphilum present in the samples in the ratio of 62, 4, and 0.14%, respectively.

Comparative evaluation of efficiency of several methods of DNA extraction from storage cultures of acidophilic chemolithotrophic microorganism communities isolated from sulfide ores of Shanuch ore deposit (Kamchatka peninsula) was conducted. DNA extraction methods in various combinations of physical (heating to 65–98°C, grinding with SiO2 particles), enzymatic (treatment with lysozyme and proteinase K), and chemical (GuSCN, CTAB and KOH) treatments were tested. The evaluation of efficiency was performed using Real-time PCR. The best result was obtained for the combined method based on GuSCN lysis activity (lysis at 65°C) followed by purification with phenol and chloroform.