High-risk neuroblastoma (NB) is characterized by unsatisfactory treatment results and low probability of long-term survival despite the multimodal therapeutic approach (chemotherapy, surgical treatment, radiation therapy, autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, etc.). One of the prognostic factors in this cohort of patients is the response to induction therapy. The article presents the experience of the intensification of induction therapy in 12 patients with high-risk NB with a poor response (mixed response, stable disease) to standard induction therapy who received treatment at Dmitry Rogachev National Medical Research Center of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology, assessing its impact on the prognosis of the disease. The study was approved by the Independent Ethics Committee of the Dmitry Rogachev National Medical Research Center of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology. Patients received an additional two courses of chemotherapy with the inclusion of a type I topoisomerase inhibitor topotecan (TCE – topotecan, cyclophosphamide, etoposide). This regimen of intensification of therapy has demonstrated its feasibility. The main grade 3–4 toxicity was hematologic. An improvement in response was achieved in 5/12 (41.6%) patients. However, long-term results of therapy remained unsatisfactory. The 3-year EFS was 16.7% (95% CI 0.0–37.8), the 3-year OS was 50.0% (95% CI 21.7–78.3). Thus, the intensification of therapy in patients with high-risk NB with a poor response to standard induction therapy did not improve treatment outcomes.

Плевропульмональная бластома (ППБ) – редко встречающееся злокачественное новообразование раннего детского возраста. ППБ встречается преимущественно у детей в возрасте до 6 лет [1, 2]. Различают 3 гистологических типа опухоли: кистозный (I/Ir тип), кистозно-солидный (II тип), солидный (III тип) [1, 2]. Подходы к терапии зависят от гистологического типа и включают хирургическое вмешательство, неоадъювантную/адъювантную полихимиотерапию (ПХТ) и в некоторых случаях лучевую терапию. Несмотря на четкое гистологическое различие типов ППБ, определяющее прогноз и объем терапии, существует возможность трансформации одного гистологического типа в другой. В данной статье представлен клинический случай развития ППБ I типа с трансформацией в тип II у ребенка 2,5 лет, получавшего терапию в ФГБУ «ННПЦ ДГОИ им. Дмитрия Рогачева» Минздрава России.