An automated measuring system capable of determining decay constants and activities of radionuclides in a sample is described. The technique used in it is aimed at identifying radionuclides produced in a sample under fast-neutron irradiation. The advantage of this technique is the procedure for measuring the time dependence of the activity decay after the end of irradiation, which provides a means for acquiring the maximum statistics at a fixed detection efficiency by minimizing pauses between measurements. The developed technique has been tested by calibrating the monitor of neutron fluxes from the HΓ-150 neutron generator. A copper foil with a high chemical purity and a natural isotopic composition has been used as a test sample (an activation detector).
A review is presented of “nontraditional” laboratory nuclear-physical methods for determining key parameters of charged-particle semiconductor detectors, such as the sensitive depth and the energy resolution. The methods for measuring the sensitive depth are based on the peculiarities in interactions of radiation from standard α,β, and γ sources and monochromatic neutrons with the detector materials and require that several “reference” detectors with known characteristics be available. Using the proposed methods, it is possible to preliminarily estimate the serviceability of detectors before employing them in expensive experiments, e.g., on accelerator beams.
Представлен обзор “нетрадиционных” лабораторных ядерно-физических методов определения таких основных параметров полупроводниковых детекторов заряженных частиц, как толщина чувствительного слоя и энергетическое разрешение. Методы измерения толщины чувствительного слоя основаны на особенностях взаимодействия излучения стандартных -, -, -источников и монохроматических нейтронов с материалом детекторов и предполагают наличие нескольких “реперных” детекторов с известными характеристиками. Применение предлагаемых методов позволяет предварительно оценить работоспособность детекторов перед их использованием в дорогостоящих экспериментах, например, на пучках ускорителей.
