It was established, that the patients with diabetes mellitus of type 2 have shown changes in activation rate of the oxidative stress depending on a duration of disease. Th e patients with newly diagnosed diabetes 2 have decreased value of the reduced glutathione on the background of enhanced activity of glutathione reductase in the red blood cells. Th e underinvestigation patients, in addition, have subsequent diminution of activity of glutathione transferase and enhancement of activity of glutathione peroxidase in plasma.

It was established, that patients with diabetes mellitus of type 1 have changes of a glutathione state condition during symbatic reduction of the concentration of GSH and enzyme activity (glutathione peroxidase) in plasma and red blood cells on the background of essential enhancement of activity of glutathione reductase in the red blood cells, that shows the disbalance of glutathione antiperoxidant system has been revealed.

The changes of glutathione metabolism are rare in dyscirculatory encephalopathy and ischemic stroke (IS) of mild severity. The frequent and considerable changes have been revealed in IS of moderate and high severity as well as in hemorrhagic stroke. An increase of activities of glutathione peroxidase and glutathione transferase is the most typical. The increase of enzyme activity was not observed at the beginning of treatment after 3 days and in patients with severe degree of disease who died later. A standard therapy decreased the quantity and/or expression of changes of the glutathione metabolism in patients with IS of moderate and high severity while the addition of alpha-lipoic acid (alpha-LA) led to the complete normalization in IS of moderate severity and normalization of most parameters in IS of high severity. The increase of functional activity of the glutathione system at the early stage of treatment of IS and the favorable changes during the treatment, in particular after the addition of alpha-LA, were correlated with the improvement of neurological status assessed with the NIHSS. It has been confirmed that the glutathione system plays an important role in the tolerance to brain ischemia.

Dyscirculatory encephalopathy and mild ischemic stroke are characterized by solitary changes in components of glutathione metabolism. In moderate and severe ischemic strokes essential changes have been found. Changes in glutathione metabolism are also expressed in hemorrhagic stroke. The clearest increase was found in activities of glutathione peroxidase and glutathione transferase and in rare cases in activities of glutathione reductase and GSH concentration. The increase of enzymes activity was not found in patients with delayed onset of treatment (more than 3 days) and also in severe cases terminated by subsequent death of patients. Glutathione system is obviously important for tolerance to cerebral ischemia.

GSH, its enzymes and MDA are investigated in patients 61-84 years old. with chronic cerebral ischemia, atherosclerosis and hypertention with and without diabetes mellitus. In second group vs first one the plasmatic MDA concentration increases; glutathione S-transferase activity in erythrocyte and plasma rise sharply; GSH concentration in erythrocytes, glutathione peroxidase and glutathione reductase activity in erythrocytes and plasma decrease. The bigger manifestation of changes in glutathione system, coincides with the bigger severe condition and prognosis in diabetes mellitus

The paper presents the results of examination of the group of the patients with ischemic insult. There has been studied the parameters of gluthatione system. It was revealed that concentration of glutatione in plasma, activity of gluthationperoxidase and glutathione-transferase were increased and dependant on severity degree of clinical manifestation.

The state of glutathione system in healthy mature and premature newborns is investigated. The low concentration of restored glutathione in plasma at premature newborns is revealed. The low activity of antioxidative enzymes of glutathione-transferase, glutathione-reductase, glutathioneperoxidase in premature neonatal is found. The activity of a glutathione-transferase in premature girls is lower, than in mature girls. The activity of glutathione-reductase is lower in premature boys in comparison with mature boys. The activity of glutathione-reductase and glutathione-peroxidase is lower in premature boys in comparison with premature girls. The physiological immaturity of glutathione system in premature children is and immature newborns feel oxidative stress during birth.

Glutathione concentration and activity of its metabolism enzymes (glutathione reductase, glutathione Stransferase, glutathione peroxidase) are studied in erythrocyte and blood plasma of patients with tubular bone trauma, complicated and uncomplicated by chronic osteomyelitis. The suppression of glutathione system is found out in all the trauma kinds, most expressed in hematogenic and chronic traumatic osteomyelitis.