Introduction. During the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, worldwide healthcare system faced a new, insufficiently investigated, fast-spreading disease with multisystem failure and relatively high amount of severe diseased. Existing evidence base needs to be frequently revisited after data accumulation and analysis. Experience of dedicated COVID-19 centers should be summarized and implicated in clinical practice according to evidence-based principles, extensive clinical trial initiation. Objectives. To investigate baseline characteristics and treatment outcomes of patients with severe SARS-CoV-2 infection course, requiring respiratory support in the critical care settings of dedicated hospital. Materials and methods. In single-center retrospective study retrospective data collection of 451 respiratory support for COVID-19 related acute respiratory distress syndrome cases (noninvasive ventilation, mechanical ventilation) in intensive care unit patients for a 5-month period performed. The analysis aimed on demographic, clinical data, disease severity scores, respiratory support parameters and modality, continuous renal replacement therapy utilization and interleukin-6 receptor blockers administration, survival rates. Results. Respiratory support required 48.8 % of intensive care unit patients, the population was demographically balanced, Charlson Comorbidity Index was 4.46 ± 2.6 and was higher in the mechanically ventilated group. 30-day survival rate (all respiratory support cases) was 33.7 %, mortality structure analysis performed. The disease severity scores, respiratory mechanics among patients in dependence of respiratory support mode and during the period of case registration analysed as well. Median static respiratory compliance at the point of initiation of invasive mechanically ventilation was 43 (IQR 35–51). Mortality in the volume controlled mechanically ventilated group was higher. Conclusions. The patients, requiring respiratory support, during intensive care unit stay have high comorbidity levels. Indications for non-invasive ventilation may be extended on patients with lower Charlson index and initial SOFA score, however, early recognition of high risk of noninvasive ventilation failure required. Volume control invasive ventilation associated with higher mortality levels despite comparable disease severity scores. Further investigation required.

The use of monoclonal antibodies against interleukin-6 (IL-6) receptors is considered as a potential method of treatment and prevention of complications of the new coronavirus infection 2019 (COVID-19), based on reducing the intensity of the cytokine storm. The aim. To assess the relationship between the use of IL-6 blockers and the risk of tracheal intubation in patients with severe pneumonia associated with COVID-19. Methods. The retrospective cohort study included patients over 18 years of age admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) with confirmed COVID-19 infection, lung tissue damage of at least 25% between November 4, 2020 and December 25, 2020. All patients underwent standard therapy in accordance with the current recommendations of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, including IL-6 blockers in some patients. The primary endpoint was tracheal intubation and initiation of mechanical ventilation (MV). Data on the use of IL-6 inhibitors, baseline demographic, clinical and laboratory characteristics, as well as information on tracheal intubation, fatal outcomes and length of hospitalization were obtained from the unified medical information and analytical system of the city of Moscow. To analyze the relationship between the use of IL-6 blockers and endpoints adjusted for baseline characteristics, a multivariate Cox proportional hazards model was used. Results. The study included 242 patients, in 120 (49.5%) of them IL-6 blockers were used. The independent predictors of tracheal intubation were the degree of lung tissue damage, ferritin and diabetes, while the use of IL-6 blockers was not associated with a decrease in the risk of intubation: hazard ratio (HR) 0.96 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.63 – 1.48) and death: HR 1.05 (95% CI 0.69 – 1.62). Subgroup analysis showed that, among surviving patients, the use of IL-6 blockers was associated with an average decrease in hospital stay by 3 days (95% CI 1 – 6 days). Conclusion. The use of IL-6 blockers was not associated with a decrease in the risk of tracheal intubation or death. Among surviving patients, the use of IL-6 blockers was associated with a decrease in the length of hospital stay. These findings may contribute to medical decision making during COVID-19 pandemic associated high hospital workload.

Актуальность. В условиях пандемии, вызванной вирусом SARS-CoV-2, мировое здравоохранение столкнулось с недостаточно изученным, быстро распространяющимся заболеванием с мультисистемными изменениями, имеющим высокую долю тяжелобольных. Особенности заболевания, доказательная база, сформированная на основании опыта лечения MERS-CoV и SARS-CoV, определили необходимость анализа и обобщения опыта центров компетенции в лечении новой коронавирусной инфекции. Внедрение результатов в клиническую практику должно происходить в соответствии с принципами доказательной медицины, а также требует инициации многоцентровых клинических исследований. Цель исследования. Изучение основных характеристик и исходов лечения пациентов с тяжелым течением новой коронавирусной инфекции, получавших респираторную поддержку в отделениях интенсивной терапии инфекционного госпиталя в Коммунарке. Материалы и методы. В одноцентровом ретроспективном исследовании проведен анализ 451 случая респираторной поддержки, инвазивной (ИВЛ) и неинвазивной (НИВЛ) искусственной вентиляции легких у пациентов, находившихся в отделениях интенсивной терапии госпиталя на протяжении 5 месяцев «первой волны» пандемии. Анализировались демографические данные, коморбидность и показатели интегральной оценки тяжести состояния, респираторной механики, применение экстракорпоральных методов лечения, выживаемость. Результаты. Респираторную поддержку получили 48,8 % пациентов в отделениях реанимации и интенсивной терапии, популяция сбалансирована по демографическим признакам, индекс Чарлсона составил 4,46 ± 2,6 и был выше в группе ИВЛ. 30-дневная выживаемость пациентов, получавших респираторную поддержку, составила 33,7 %, проанализирована структура летальности. Проведен анализ показателей интегральной оценки тяжести состояния, показателей респираторной механики в зависимости от модальности респираторной поддержки, изменение их и на протяжении периода исследования. Статический респираторный комплаенс на момент начала ИВЛ составил 43 (ИР 35–51) мл/см вод. ст. ИВЛ с управляемым дыхательным объемом сопровождается более высокой летальностью в сравнении с управляемым давлением. Заключение. Пациенты отделений интенсивной терапии, получающие инвазивную или неинвазивную вентиляцию легких, имеют высокий уровень коморбидности. Показания к НИВЛ могут быть расширены у пациентов с более низкими индексом Чарлсона и оценкой по SOFA, требуется раннее выявление группы высокого риска безуспешной неинвазивной вентиляции. ИВЛ с управлением объемом связана с более высокой летальностью в сравнении с управлением давлением, в отсутствие значимых различий по шкалам интегральной оценки тяжести. Необходимы дальнейшие исследования.

Purpose of the study: to investigate the epidemiology of sepsis in patients with different locations of the infection focus, who were admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) of a multi-specialty hospital in 2014 and 2016.Material and methods. A retrospective analysis of examination and treatment of 860 patients admitted to ICU of a multi-specialty hospital with the diagnosis ‘sepsis’ in 2014 and 2016 was carried out. Sepsis was diagnosed pursuant to the Sepsis-2 Guidelines and verified by blood procalcitonin test. The gender, age, main diagnosis, patient’s severity at the time of admission to ICU, duration in ICU, and peculiarities of intensive care and outcomes were studied.Results. Sepsis was diagnosed at admission in 2014 in 361 (8.6%) patients out of 4175 patients, in 2016 — in 499 (10.5%) out of 4726 patients who were admitted to ICU and had infection foci of different location. Abdominal sepsis was diagnosed in 72.3% of patients, pulmonary — in 19.7%; in 8% of patients, sepsis complicated the terminal stage of various, mostly oncological, diseases. In 2016, sepsis detectability at admission to ICU increased by 22.1% vs. the 2014 level assumed as 100% (χ2=9.281; P=0.003). In case of the abdominal sepsis, mortality amounted to 50.3% and was not different from mortality in pulmonary sepsis — 52.1% (χ2=0,163; P=0.687). The ICU in-patient duration in case of pulmonary sepsis was considerably longer than in case of abdominal. The age was a predictor of mortality in case of abdominal sepsis (the age older than 65 years predicted the risk of lethal outcome with sensitivity equal to 58.8% and specificity equal to 59.9%), which was not true for pulmonary sepsis. The mortality prognosis during abdominal sepsis was improved by combined analysis of the SOFA score and patient’s age at admission: AUROC of the combined index was equal to 0.816 (95%-confidence interval: 0.783–0.846). Depending on the infection focus location, specificity of influence rendered on mortality by different clinical indices and management methods was determined.Conclusion. Patients admitted to ICU with sepsis represent a group of a high mortality risk amounting to 50% approximately. During chronological analysis, sepsis detectability increases but mortality does not change. Patients with pulmonary sepsis at admission to ICU are characterized by a greater severity of condition due to multiple organ failure than in case of abdominal sepsis; in such patients it is impossible to predict the risk of mortality based on APACHE II and SOFA score. Taking into account heterogeneity of the sepsis patient population, deepening of the knowledge about peculiarities of pathogenesis and clinical pattern of abdominal and pulmonary sepsis is the basic requirement for improvement of the results of treatment of this complication.

The article is devoted to the problem of effective treatment of one of the severe forms of pneumonia. The study included 218 patients with community-acquired pneumonia hospitalized in the department of general resuscitation of the State Clinical Hospital named after. V.M. Buyanov Moscow. Results of the study. For patients with severe community-acquired pneumonia complicated by acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), signs of a decrease in pumping function of the heart were recorded. The best predictors of death were cardiac index (СІ), cardiac power index (CPI), central venous pressure (CVP), elevation of blood lactate level. The blood levels of the NT-proBNP myocardial stress marker were significantly increased. The results of the studies gave grounds to conclude that in patients with severe community-acquired pneumonia complicated by ARDS, without concomitant heart diseases, the main syndrome of hemodynamic disturbance is right ventricular dysfunction / insufficiency. This conclusion determined the need for optimization of infusion therapy with preload (GEDI) control, as well as the early appointment of sympathomimetic with s1- and s2-adrenergic effect of dobutamine to improve the function of the right ventricle. These measures provided an improvement in hemodynamic parameters, a reduction in the overall severity of the condition by SOFA, and a reduction in mortality.

The retrospective analysis of patient's records of 54 patients with abdominalny sepsis, for the purpose of studying of features of the volemichesky status of dynamics of indicators of sokratitelny ability of a myocardium, preloading, post-loading and extra vascular water of lungs, and as for the purpose of an assessment of pro-gnostic value of these indicators is carried out. By means of technology of the modified termodilyutsiya of PiCCO plus (Pulsiоn Medical Systems», Germany) carried out monitoring of haemo dynamics and the volemichesky status. At implementation of the analysis of measurements, such as the index of extra vascular water of lungs (IEVWL), an index of intra chest volume of blood (IICVB), an index of global final and diastolic volume (IGFDV), an index of function of heart (IFS), an index of system vascular resistance (ISSS), established that negative dynamics of indicators of sokratitelny ability of a myocardium and IEVWL are failure prediktor at patients with abdominalny sepsis.