Композитные материалы, полученные путем импрегнирования активных углей водными растворами хлорида марганца(II), исследованы методами газовой адсорбции, порошковой рентгенографии, атомно-абсорбционной спектрометрии, энергодисперсионной рентгеновской спектроскопии и сканирующей электронной микроскопии. Установлено изменение текстуры и удельных характеристик пористости, микроструктуры и состава полученных композитов в зависимости от кислотной или основной природы поверхности исходных углей, условий пропитки, последующей обработки и температуры прокаливания. Показано, что при импрегнировании “кислотных” углей общий объем пор в 8-11 раз перекрывает объем микропор в отличие от “основных” образцов с их дву- или трехкратным превышением. У “кислотных” углей значения удельной поверхности по БЭТ превосходят аналогичные значения у образцов с основной природой поверхности. Доказано, что полученные композиты содержат марганец в различных оксидных соединениях, представленных рамсделлитом, гаусманитом, манганозитом, биксбиитом и партриджеитом в концентрациях 23-48 масс.%.

Composite materials resulted from impregnation of active carbons with aqueous solutions of manganese (II) chloride were studied by the methods of gas adsorption, X-ray powder diffraction, atomic absorption spectrometry, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy. The texture and specific characteristics of porosity, microporosity, and composition of the prepared composites were found to change depending on the acidic or basic nature of the surface of initial carbons, conditions of impregnation, subsequent treatment, and calcination temperature. It was shown that, upon the impregnation of the “acidic” carbons, the total pore volume covered 8–11 times the micropore volume, as distinct from the “basic” samples, which showed only a two- or threefold excess. The specific BET surface determined for the “acidic” carbons exceeded the value found for the samples with a “basic” surface. It was confirmed that the prepared composites contained manganese in various manganese-oxide compounds including ramsdellite, hausmannite, manganosite, bixbyite, and partridgeite at concentrations of 23–48 wt %.

The results of development of multi-layer ceramic membranes on the basis of natural quartz raw material from Mongolia are presented. The influence of the phase composition and temperature of calcination on the porosity, morphology and mechanical strength of large-porous ceramic support obtained by the method of isostatic pressing was studied. It was established that multi-layer ceramic membranes obtained by the application of water suspension of high-disperse quartz sand of Mongolia and alumosilicate binder with the addition of 15–35wt% of quartz are characterized by optimal properties. The developed tubular ceramic membranes with the average pore size 5.3µm, coefficient of air permeability (4.17–4.41)×10−13m2, productivity by water 46.3–48.0m3/(h×m2×bar) and mechanical strength 2.27–2.53MPa are perspective for wide use in microfiltration processes.

The method of obtaining hybrid organic biocidal structures through the interaction of the guanidine base with alumophosphates and copper hydroxy carbonate has been described. It is established that the reaction products consist of tripolyphosphates and pyrophosphates of aluminum forming ionic bonds with polyhexamethylene guanidine ions and copper (II). It is shown that when applied to the surface of a ceramic filter element at a temperature of 170 °C, a biocidal composite is fixed on them, on average, amounting to 50.0 wt. % of a product that provides the protection of filters from biofouling.

The method of obtaining ceramic microfiltration membranes in the form of tubes based on natural crystalline silicon dioxide (quartz sand) of Saudi Arabia was developed and the samples were compared to ones obtained using quartz sand of the Republic of Belarus. The substrates were fabricated by the isostatic pressing method. Microfiltration membrane layers were applied using slurry of finely dispersed crystal silicon dioxide in aqueous solution of aluminosilicate binder. The microfiltration membranes are defectless and uniform and are characterized by average pore size of 5–10 µm and water permeability of 25–45 m 3 /(h×m 2 ×bar). Further, the biocide coating designed to protect the filter membrane surfaces from biofouling was applied and its anti-bacterial activity was tested.

Physicochemical properties of Mn oxide catalysts deposited on a dolomite substrate have been studied using the techniques of scanning electron microscopy, atomic-emission, and X-ray phase analysis, as well as low-temperature physical adsorption-desorption of nitrogen. The catalytic activity and retarding ability of the obtained materials in the process of water purification from the dissolved iron compounds are estimated by the values of the degree of transferring Fe(II) into Fe(III) and the degree of retarding Fe(III). It is shown that the highest catalytic activity have the samples produced by the impregnation of the dolomite baked at 800°C with the solution of 0.4–1.0 M manganese(II) chloride.

Multilayer aluminosilicate materials used for treating drinking water were investigated. The basic results of the experimental studies obtained in developing the process conditions for fabrication of aluminosilicate filter elements are reported.

Samples of macroporous ceramics based on crystalline silicon dioxide-(the pore diameter > 50 μm) with superficial membrane layers (the pore diameter 10–20 μm) are obtained. They meet the demands to porous materials for filtering. The samples based on the polydisperse powder of crystalline silicon dioxide with granulometric composition 100–315 μm, containing 11 wt % of silica-alumina binder, were formed under a pressure of 30 MPa; they demonstrated an optimal combination of porosity and mechanical strength. After thermal treatment the samples’ porosity came to ≈30%; the ultimate stress (compression) limit, to ≈35 MPa. It is shown that multilayer elements for filtering, with membrane layers formed of the silicon dioxide powder suspension, provide the water purification from iron impurity (from 1–2 mg/l and down to 0.3 mg/l, a sanitary standard). The elements for filtering with doubly deposited crystalline silica-based membrane layer (the particle size 10–50 μm) showed optimal combination of operation characteristics and the purity of water from iron.

Regeneration of ceramic aluminosilicate filter cells for water purification by chemical methods and, in particular, by acid dissolution of the deposit formed in filter pores was studied.

The chemical interaction between oligomeric aluminum phosphate solutions and the surface of macroporous aluminosilicate ceramics is studied. It is shown that the resulting composite material has markedly enhanced mechanical strength, with no significant reduction in porosity (80–85% of the initial value).

The results of studying the structure of porous multilayer ceramic filter elements are given and the possibility of their application for refining and sterilizing filtration of an anti-diarrhea energy-enhancing medicine is assessed.