Received December 26, 2022; revised June 6, 2023; accepted June 27, 2023To determine changes of glacier No. 31 (SU5A15106031), happened in the beginning of the XXI century, satellite images, obtained from the Landsat-7, 8, 9 and Sentinel-2 satellites in different years, were analyzed. As a result, data on the glacier changes were obtained for the period from 2000 to 2022. During this time, the length of the main stream of the glacier decreased by 144 m (6.8%), and the total area of the entire glacier – by 0.089 km2 (9.7%). The rate of retreat of the glacier front varied from 2 to 15 m/year, on average – 6.5 m/year, and the glacier area decreased by on average of 0.004 km2/year. In 2022, the glacier consisted of two separate ice streams, with a total area of 0.823 km2 and a maximum length of 1.955 km. Aerial photography was carried out using a DJI Phantom 4 quadcopter. A high-resolution orthophotoplan (±5 cm), a digital terrain model, a three-dimensional model of the surface of the glacier tongue and adjacent territories, with a total area of 0.25 km2, were made. Radar sounding was performed by the Python-3 georadar in two configurations: at frequencies 50 and 100 MHz. Two cross-sections of the glacier were constructed from the radar data: one was taken at a frequency of 100 MHz, and the second at both – 50 MHz and 100 MHz. The analysis of the radiogram of these profiles made possible to reveal that the larger thickness of the glacier in the study area was measured along the left side of the glacier tongue, the maximum recorded thickness was equal to 66 m.

The results of experimental measurements of the temperature dependence of the effective thermal conductivity of various forms of gallium antimonide (single crystal, polycrystals) are analyzed. The thermal conductivity is measured by the absolute steady-state method in the temperature and pressure ranges 273–423 K and 0.1–350 MPa, respectively. For polycrystalline compounds, the temperature dependence of the effective thermal conductivity in the entire investigation range is shown to decrease with pressure, retaining a pronounced power-law character. The pressure dependences of both the relative effective thermal conductivity at a fixed temperature and the dependence of the relative change in the power-law coefficient of the temperature dependence within the experimental error could be approximated by two-parameter power functions. A description of the PT dependence of the effective thermal conductivity in the entire investigation range is proposed, for which the correlative relationship of the pressure components is found. The anomalous behavior of the temperature dependence of the thermal conductivity of a single-crystal GaSb sample with an increase in pressure is revealed, for which a significant increase in the absolute value of the power-law coefficient of the temperature dependence is observed up to ~1.5 at P = 330 MPa. The pressure dependences of the effective thermal conductivity demonstrate a significantly greater and nonlinear relative increase in the thermal conductivity compared to a single crystal, which indicates a large contribution to the effective thermal conductivity of the grain boundaries.

The paper presents the results of measurements of the effective thermal conductivity of three sandstone samples exhibiting different structural ordering in the temperature range 273-523 K and pressures from atmospheric to 400 MPa, as well as (2) a low-parameter model, described as a temperature dependence at a fixed pressure and the pressure dependence at a fixed temperature. It also describes the influence of pressure on the nature of the temperature dependence. The samples from the following deposits were studied: (1) Kochubei, the Republic of Dagestan, (2) Buinaksk, the Republic of Dagestan, and (3) the Tyumen superdeep well. It was shown that the cumulative increase in temperature and pressure for sandstones with different structural ordering (even when the absolute values of the effective thermal conductivity at atmospheric pressure and room temperature are close) can have a qualitative difference and with a predominantly amorphous ordering, it must be taken into account when compiling temperature models in the terrestrial bark.

Soil flushing is one of the intensive and widespread geomorphological processes that negatively affect land resources and the national economy as a whole. The use, protection and restoration of the natural environment are the most important measures aimed at preventing the flushing of soils from land resources. Currently, the fight against factors causing soil erosion is an urgent problem in the field of agriculture. These problems are directly related to the studied territory of the Ulan River basin in the East Kazakhstan region. To preserve the river flow and soil fertility, an important role is played by the assessment and mapping of territories subject to erosion processes. To determine the degree of soil erosion in the river basin, the universal formula RUSLE is used. The formula provides coverage of various parameters calculated using GIS. As a result of the conducted research, the ArcGIS program has developed maps-schemes of the Ulan River basin (the territory of the river basin, soil types and mechanical composition of soils, the slope of the riverbed, plant species and land use), and also determined the indicator of soil flushing of the basin territory, which ranges annually from 0.1 to 7.81 t/ha. The constructed schematic maps are based on satellite images of 2020 SRTM. The results obtained can be used as a basis for the development of measures to preserve and improve soil fertility of a certain land plot within the framework of continuous monitoring and management of land resources. And further studies and analyses aimed at changing the indicator of soil flushing will allow to identify and study the factors of the formation of anthropogenic geosystems.

An analysis is performed of results from experimental measurements of the temperature dependence of the effective thermal conductivity of amorphous and polycrystalline arsenic chalcogenide obtained using the absolute stationary technique in the temperature and the pressure ranges of 273–423 K and 0.1–330 MPa, respectively. The power character of the temperature dependence of the effective thermal conductivity is confirmed for the measured samples. The effect pressure has on the temperature dependence is confirmed for both amorphous and polycrystalline samples.

The efficient thermal conductivity of sandstone is measured in the 273–523 K range of temperatures at pressures of 0.1–400 MPa. Based on an analysis of the available literature data and experimental results, it is shown that the temperature dependence of efficient thermal conductivity for disordered media does not obey the laws of Aiken and Debye. A mathematical model is proposed that describes the power temperature dependence of the efficient thermal conductivity of disordered media. The relationship between the exponent of this dependence and structural disorder is revealed.

We present the results of our experimental studies of the thermal conductivity for SiC and SiC + 1.2% BeO ceramic samples as a function of the hydrostatic pressure up to 400 MPa in the temperature range 273–523 K. We show that pressure leads to a nonlinear increase in thermal conductivity and to an additional phonon scattering by lattice defects.

Here we present the results of an experimental study of the temperature and pressure dependences of the heat conductivity of composite compounds. The thermal conductivity of sandstone was measured by the absolute stationary method for pressures up to 400 MPa in the temperature range 273-523 K. From these experimental data we have proposed the equation describing the dependence of the thermal conductivity from the pressure and temperature. We have found that under the action of hydrostatic pressure the intensive growth of the heat-conductivity of gas-saturated sandstone is mainly up to 100 MPa, and then seamlessly switches to saturation. A comparative analysis is carried out with the experimental dependences of the thermal conductivity of ceramics (lanthanum sulfide LaS1.48).

The effective thermal conductivity (ETC) of fluid-saturated porous mica ceramics with open pores was measured over a temperature range from 275 to 423 K and at pressures up to 400 MPa using a steady-state parallel-plate apparatus. It is an absolute, steady-state measurement device with an operational temperature range of 273-1273 K and a pressure range up to 1500 MPa. We used argon and water as pore saturants. The estimated accuracy of the method is +/-2%. The porosity of the samples was 2%, 14%, and 26%. The effect of pressure, temperature, and porosity on the ETC behavior of the fluid (Ar and H2O)-saturated porous mica ceramic was studied. A sharp increase of the ETC was found for porous mica ceramic with gas (Ar) saturated at low pressures (between 0.1 and 100 MPa) along the various isotherms, while for the same sample saturated with water, the pressure dependence of the ETC displayed very weakly. The measured values of the ETC for a fluid-saturated porous mica ceramic were compared with the values predicted by various theoretical and semiempirical models. The effect of the size, shape, and distribution of the pores on the ETC of porous mica ceramic was discussed.