The Fe-core/carbon-shell nanopowders are excellent platform for covalent grafting of biomolecules. The large-scale synthesis of Fe-core/carbon-shell nanoparticles via electropulse erosion of metal precursors in hydrocarbons was developed. The green fluorescent protein was covalently attached to the powder surface via diazonium functionalization and further carbodiimide activation.

The nanoscale materials and their application have received considerable attention for the last few years owing to its potential use in biomedical fields of science and technology. Recent studies have demonstrated the ability of arenediazoniumtosylates (ADTs) to modify nanoscale materials. An efficient method of modifying zero-valent iron nanoparticles using ADT with different functional organic groups in a water suspension at the room temperature has been developed. Particle composition, size, stability and possible functionalization with ADT have been characterised by using the FT-IR and X-ray diffraction methods, the low-temperature nitrogen adsorption analysis (BET), TGA/DSC/DTA analyses in the air and the elemental analysis. The obtained methods and results are to foster better understanding of nanoparticles modification process and contribute to its further research and development due to the ability of changing functional groups in the ADT molecule for medical and other applications. Variation of the functional groups in the ADT molecule can change the properties of Fe-NPs and predetermine the field of their use.

New sorption materials were developed on the basis of vermiculite concrete and aerated concrete modified with oxohydroxides of iron. A high sorption activity of new sorbents for water purification from ions of As3+, As5+ was shown.

Целью настоящей работы являлось исследование возможности использования наночастиц железа, покрытых углеродной оболочкой Fe@C в качестве каталитической сиcтемы для окисления основных субстратов пероксидазы. В качестве маркера пероксидазной активности наночастиц использовался о-фенилендиамин (OPD), который при окислительной димеризации легко превращается в 2,3-диаминофеназин (DAP) с максимумом поглощения при 420–450 нм. Наночастицы показали себя как эффективная каталитическая система, способная генерировать и стабилизовать гидроксид-радикалы из пероксида водорода подобно пероксидазе и окислять хромогенные субстраты фермента при нормальных условиях (рН = 6 и температуре 20–25 °С). Также определены основные каталитические параметры процесса и оптимальные значения рН и температуры, при которых достигается максимум активности наночастиц. Установлено, что кинетика процесса описывается уравнением Михаэлиса‒Ментен для ферментативной кинетики.

В статье проведено исследование процесса сорбции неорганических ионов из водных растворов, различными природными минеральными сорбентами: гематит, магнетит, пирит, глауконит и ильменит. Определены характеристики природных минеральных сорбентов: величины удельных поверхностей и удельный объём пор. По значениям эффективности сорбции неорганических ионов были выбраны два сорбента, это пирит и глауконит. На выбранных минералах получены изотермы сорбции ионов Ni2+, As5+, Cr6+, которые аппроксимируются уравнением Лэнгмюра, и рассчитаны значения максимальных сорбционных емкостей. Для увеличения сорбционной ёмкости глауконит и пирит были модифицированы оксогидроксидом алюминия. На основании полученных данных сделаны выводы о возможности использования выбранных природных минеральных сорбентов и их модифицированных аналогов для извлечения вышеперечисленных ионов из водных растворов.

The accumulation of nitrogen-containing ions formed in aqueous solutions dispersed in air and treated with pulsed corona, dielectric barrier and spark electric discharges, was studied dependent on electric conductivity and pH of treated solutions. The impact of conductivity to the spark and corona discharge is determined by the increased ohmic losses in the reactor. In contrast, the character of dielectric barrier discharge is significantly changed with growing conductivity resulted in increased nitrite-to-nitrate ratio. In alkaline solutions the production of nitrites is increased for the spark and the barrier discharge; the corona discharge produce only nitrates. The amount of nitrates produced in pulsed corona discharge at energy doses characteristic for potable water treatment is about 100 times lower than their maximum permissible concentration.

Physical features of application of pulsed electric discharges in a two-phase gas-liquid medium for activation of ferrous iron oxidation processes in sulfuric acid technological solutions are considered. The main parameters influencing the iron oxidation efficiency are determined.

The results of research on the effectiveness of iron removal from well water with two electrochemical methods were shown. It were investigated two methods such as the using a cell with a soluble iron anode and a reactor with pulsed electric discharges in a layer of metallic iron grains. The long transit times iron Fe(II) to Fe(OH)3 in the natural conditions are shown the need for water treatment by electrochemical methods. It was investigated the effect of current density and different concentrations of coagulant, accumulated by dissolving iron anode in electrolyzer with soluble iron anode in water treatment. Experimentally determined values of the coagulant concentration and the time of electrolysis coagulate, which are leading to the achievement of maximum permissible concentrations of iron in drinking water at the lowest the current density – 0.54 mA/sm2. The power input of this process was 3 kW/m3. The total iron concentration in the test water reached normal values in the pulsed electric discharge in a layer of metallic iron pellets. The time of process and power inputs were minimal and accounted for 0.5 kWh/m3.

The work was carried out on invention and development of nanosorbtion filter materials of FilLis series effectively purifying water environment from microbiological contamination. This article describes the problem of microbiological contamination of aquatic environments. In the process of creating the material boehmite and goethite nanoparticles have been fixed on the surface of the carrier sorbents. Information on mechanisms of purification by means of FilLis is given. The tables show the results of the purification of aqueous solutions with the help of FilLis material from Escherichia coli and a mix of five different cultures.

The article investigates the process of selective extraction of organic (doxorubicin, gemzar, fluorouracil, meth-ylene blue, eosin) ions by iron-carbon sorbent, were preparated by electric-spark dispension method in hexane solution. Sorption isoterms of organic ions were obtained which were well approximated using Langmuir equa-tion. Also maximum sorption capacity was calculated. It was established that sorption mechanism depends on charge and value of zeta-potential of iron-carbon sorbent and ions to be sorbed. It is shown that cation adsorption occurs not only according to electrostatic mechanism, but also by ion exchange with the participation of surface hydroxyl groups of sorbent with functional groups of organic adsorbates (doxorubicin, gemzar, methylene blue). Adsorption and desorption constants were calculated using kinetic data obtained at different temperatures. These constants were used for activation energy calculation in Arrhenius coordinates which comprised 29 kJ/mole.

Samples of magnetic carriers of medicine for oncology (doxorubicine) have been obtained by the method of pulse electrolytic erosion of iron in liquid media (water, solutions of phosphoric acid and ethyl alcohol, hexane). It was shown that the sample obtained in hexane possesses the highest adsorptive doxorubicine capacity with its chemical transformation at desorption. It was ascertained that chemical transformation is observed for the sample obtained in hexane. This sample is well-dissolved in human blood plasma. Maximal dissolution time and possible iron removal from organism does not exceed 10 days.