The preservation and popularization of the historical environment of the city represents the involvement of open spaces in social turnover. The purpose of the work is to characterize the floral design of historically developed urban gardens and parks of Udmurtia cities: Izhevsk, Sarapul, Glazov, Votkinsk. A brief history of the studied objects of culture and recreation is presented. The most important component of the aesthetic appeal of gardens and parks is floral decoration. The emotional state of citizens depends on the quality and decorativeness of the floral decoration of recreation areas. 404 objects of floral decoration were examined using the route method. There are 15 types of floral decoration in the studied area. The features of the typical composition of floral decoration of gardens and parks of Udmurtia cities are noted. A brief description of the qualitative and decorative condition of flower beds is given. The disadvantages of floral design were revealed: poor quality care of plants, flower beds without using the laws of composition, abandoned flower beds of perennials. The positive side can be considered the extensive species composition of perennial flower and ornamental crops. In total, 98 species of ornamental herbaceous plants have been identified and identified in gardens and parks. Annual crops – 27 species, perennial – 71 species. Highly decorative flower beds are marked, only in gardens and parks of Izhevsk. There are 23% of flower beds in the Kirov Central Park and in the Summer Garden named after Gorky's 19% of flower beds have a high decorative rating (4 points). In second place are the flower beds of Glazov gardens and parks. The city parks of Sarapul and Votkinsk have remained at the level of previous decades in terms of their level of well-being, they need to be revitalized in accordance with new concepts of the organization of city parks. The novelty of the study lies in the fact that for the first time an assessment was given of the quality and decorativeness of the floral decoration of the historically formed recreation areas of the cities of Udmurtia.

The emotional state and quality of the citizens' rest depends on the quality of the decorative floral design. The purpose of this work is to evaluate the floral design of the central part of the city of Izhevsk, to determine the optimal planting area of annual ornamental crops per 1 m2 and the factors that influenced the quality and decorative effect of regular-style flower beds in the conditions of Izhevsk. The selected objects for research are located along one route: Victory Square, Kuzebai Gerd Square, Likhvintsev Boulevard, the square near the residence of the Head of the Udmurt Republic, the square near the Children's Cafe. The examination of flower beds was carried out according to the principle of the route method. For a qualitative assessment of flower beds, the following were taken into account: the surface of the flower bed, the habitus and decorative properties of plants, the presence of decay, the state of the soil, the planting rate, and the littering. To assess the decorative effect of flower beds in the floral design of Izhevsk, the Department of Plant Introduction and Acclimatization of the Udmurt Federal Research Center of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences (UdmFIC UrO RAS) developed a 4-point assessment taking into account the laws of composition. Flower beds located on the territory of the studied objects are decorated mainly with annual flower crops and occupy an area of 3464 m2 (99.5%), including 1570 m2 (45%) in regular style, 13 types of ornamental plants of single–season use belonging to 10 families participated in the landscaping of regular-style flower beds in 2019-2020. When studying flower beds in the central part of Izhevsk in 2019-2020, the dependence of the assessment of quality and decorative effect on the density of planting flower seedlings was revealed, with increasing density, the decorative effect of flower beds improves. Several reasons have been identified that have affected the deterioration of the decorative nature of flower beds: violation of the planting dates of flower crops, sparse plantings (16 pcs / 1 m2), low level of agronomic care of flower beds.

The paper presents the results of 2018-2019 research on improving the technology of growing planting material of bog cranberry (Vaccinium oxycoccos L.) of Krasa Severa, Severyanka, Virussaare varieties on the basis of in vitro. Studied was the effect of the concentrations of growth regulators in the composition of the nutrient medium according to Anderson's recipe on the reproduction and subsequent rooting of micro cuttings, as well as the duration of cultivation and adaptation of micro plants depending on partial pruning of shoots. It has been established that at the stage of introduction into in vitro culture, sterilization of explants with 33% hydrogen peroxide in an exposure of 5-8 minutes with washing in 5 portions of sterile distillate gives 60-80 % of viable shoots. The optimum phase of plant development for the successful introduction of in vitro culture is the swelling of buds. Cultivation of micro cuttings was carried out in a light room at a temperature of 25±2 °С, a photoperiod of 16 hours. The duration of each subculturing was 30-60 days. For the stage of actual micropropagation on Anderson's nutrient medium, an increase in the dose of cytokinin 6-benzylaminopurine (6-BAP) from 0.2 to 0.5 mg/l and an increase in the duration of cultivation from 30 to 60 days contributed to a significant increase in the multiplication factor on average for the tested cranberry varieties.According to the efficiency of micropropagation, the varieties Virussaare and Krasa Severa were distinguished – 9.3-12.0 pcs/stalk, respectively. At the rooting stage, the use of a root-forming reagent of indolyl-3-acetic acid (IUK) in doses of 0.2, 0.5 and 1.0 mg/l in the composition of Anderson's nutrient medium did not affect the quality of root formation and the length of shoots of Virussaare micro-plants. No significant varietal differences in the root-forming ability of microcuttings were found. The tendency of better rooting of micro cuttings was observed in the Virussaare variety (90.3 %) compared to the Severyanka (85.7 %) and Krasa Severa (79.3 %) varieties. Micro plants of the Krasa Severa cultivar were characterized by the longest shoots, the total number of roots was less, but their length was longer in comparison with other cultivars. For the adaptation stage, a substrate from a mixture of lowland peat and sphagnum moss was used (1:1). The efficiency of adaptation of micro plants of cranberry varieties when cutting the tip of the shoots was 100 %. Pruning of micro plants shoots contributed to the formation of more side shoots and better development of the aboveground part of the plants.

Использование декоративных особенностей цветочных растений позволяет создавать высокохудожественные цветочные композиции. К числу основных проблем относятся «бесцветочный» весенний период, пустующие затененные территории, однообразие стилевого направления, широкое распространение дорогостоящих клумб из растений однолетников, их ограниченный ассортимент. Создание в условиях городской среды устойчиво-декоративных цветников в течение всего вегетационного периода должно опираться на 3 определяющих фактора: экологический, эстетический и экономический. Проанализирован видовой состав цветников, дана комплексная оценка декоративности и устойчивости многолетних травянистых декоративных культур в условиях Среднего Предуралья. Выявлено, что специализированные объекты цветочного оформления — массивы, группы, отдельные растения, объединенные композиционным замыслом, включали в себя многолетние культуры 74 % растений (28 видов) и имели высокую декоративность — 13 баллов из 13 возможных. Многолетники даже со слабым агротехническим уходом имели высокую оценку качества и декоративности, устойчивы к данным климатическим условиям, произрастают на одном месте 3 – 5 лет и более, являются более экономичными по сравнению с однолетними цветочными культурами.

Проведен теоретический анализ модели двухфазной среды для описания ударноволновых процессов в насыщенных газовзвесях при учете хаотического движения и столкновений частиц. Определены области гиперболичности и области составного типа определяющей системы уравнений. Показано расширение зон гиперболичности относительно бесстолкновительной модели. Представлена приближенная гиперболизованная модель, проведено сравнение численных решений задачи формирования ударно-волновых структур различного типа. Установлены свойства сходимости численных решений неконсервативных уравнений составного типа с применением монотонизирующих схем Хартена и Джентри-Мартина-Дэйли. Получены условия применимости гиперболизованной модели для разных типов течений. Показано, что в общем случае анализ ударно-волновых процессов в газовзвесях целесообразно проводить в рамках полной модели.

The aim of this work was to assess the influence of ecological conditions on the decorativeness of Padus maackii in different groups of plantings in Izhevsk. For the study 185 even-aged trees of P. maackii were selected from the three categories of plantings in the city of Izhevsk, which grow in nine environmental groups on habitat conditions. The observation was carried out on 6 main decorative properties of P. maackii from 2012 to 2015. To assess the quality of the studied decorative properties, we developed a scale of five points. At the beginning and at the end of monitoring process each tree, specifically for each of the six major decorative properties, was evaluated visually on a five-point system. To determine the factors influencing the decorativeness of P. maackii we conducted biometric studies, as well as analyzed the presence of ascorbic acid in the leaves of P. maackii during the main phases of their development. During the study years the periods of extreme climatic conditions (long-lasting drought periods) were marked and the effects of extreme weather events on the quality of decorative plantings of P. maackii were revealed. It was found that the most destabilizing effect on the quality of decorative properties of P. maackii was made by anthropological environmental factors: bad landing site selection of P. maackii (areas with a gradient more than 4 %), dense planting, lack of timely care. As a result, after a series of extreme weather events in 2012-2015 the most harmed were the plantings growing in areas with slopes greater than 4 % and in areas with high density of planting. Plantings of one of these environmental groups (street of Communards) died completely and have been removed. In other environmental groups, the attractiveness of plantations of P. maackii was mainly changed slightly.

In this paper is presented an algorithm of differential diagnosis for causes of four-year-old girl’s long fever. Infectious diseases, debut of autoinflammation, neoplastic, lymphoproliferation illnesses, hemoblastosis were excluded by diagnostic search. Computer tomography and immunofermental analysis played a determinant role in diagnosis of helminthiasis.