The impact of metal plates is considered within the framework of the model of a viscous incompressible fluid. The beginning of the wave-formation process in the model is equivalent to the initial stage of origination of instability of a steady flow in Landau's scenario. To establish the correspondence between the model and the real process, a series of experiments is performed on a symmetric impact of plates made of an aluminum alloy with identical impact angles and different velocities of the contact point. At high values of the Reynolds number and, hence, at high velocities of the contact point, wave excitation is shown to have a soft character; at lower values of Reynolds number, there exists a metastability region where the wave-excitation regime is rather hard; at even lower Reynolds numbers, no action can lead to wave formation, as it follows from the theory. Thus, Landau's model of origination of instability of a steady fluid flow is found to agree with the process of wave formation in an oblique impact of metal plates.

Explosive compacts from copper powders essentially different in the form of particles were investigated. It is shown that relative change of a specific surface under identical conditions of compaction is practically identical to all powders. This testifies local similarity of deformation process of surfaces of particles with different form. With increase in relative change of a specific surface electric conductivity of powders grows, that well correlates with results of research of destruction surfaces. Compacts from a powder with dendritical form of particles have higher conductivity in comparison with compacts of spherical particles. It is accounted by greater amount of juvenile surfaces arising in powders with irregular-shaped particles at plastic slide of macroscopical volumes of particles on strain-induced high-angle boundaries.

To solve successfully the problems of explosion compaction of porous media with the goal of obtaining high-density compacts, information is required on the shock-wave characteristics of loaded materials, on the parameters of explosion compaction, and on their effects upon the structure and properties of compacts. This paper reports on several methods which have been applied to investigate the processes of dynamic compaction of porous materials. An approximate calculation method of estimating the parameters of shock-wave loading of porous materials has been developed for the case of compaction of materials to the monolith density. A remote electromagnetic method of determination of the mass velocity beyond the shock wave propagating in powders, fibrous materials, and other heterogeneous media is described. A procedure of elucidation of the structure of powder compacts which is based on the combined use of the results of measurements of the stereologic parameters and conduction of compacts is considered. As an example of the use of the above methods, the results of experiments on explosion compaction of a composite based on the Cu matrix discretely reinforced by ultrafine diamonds are reported.

Thermoelectric effects in a bimetal plate loaded by a gliding detonation wave are explored. The electric–potential distribution is measured on the surface of such a thermocouple which is nonuniformly heated as a result of high–rate deformation. Experimental results are used to determine the stress state of the metal and are compared to calculations performed within the framework of the Mie—Grüneisen model.

Macrodefects of the structure of samples produced by explosive compaction of an aluminum powder were examined. The areas of the new contact particle surfaces produced by high-rate deformation were measured by stereological methods. The eddy current method was used to measure the macroscopic electric conductivity of the compacts. From these data, the mean sizes and number of macrodefects per unit volume of a compact were calculated. The techniques employed can be useful for an analysis of the structure of composite materials produced by various methods.

The propagation of a plane shock wave of constant intensity over a powder metallic medium in the presence of a magnetic field is considered. The compression of the magnetic field by a shock–induced conducting wave in the medium is studied in detail. It is assumed that the magnitude of the macroscopic electric conduction increases monotonically from zero to its maximum and is constant behind the shock–wave front. The problem of determining the magnetic field is solved under the assumption that the characteristic time of field variation is much greater than the time required for convection and diffusion through the front. The dependence of the magnetic field on the coordinate and the time inside the shock–wave front is established.

Electromagnetic processes in flat thermocouples made of metals with varying conductivity under conditions of dynamic loading with a traveling load are studied. The distribution of the electric potential over the thermocouple surface is shown to carry information on the velocity field and the strained state of the thermocouple materials. An experimental procedure for validating various theoretical models of continua under high-velocity deformation is proposed. As an illustration, results of numerical simulations for flow of an ideal incompressible fluid are presented.

Compaction of a powdered aluminum alloy reinforced by high-strength metallic and ceramic fibers in a flat layer under a running explosive loading is studied. The values of the compaction pressure of the matrix material and of the failure pressure of ceramic fibers are found. The structure of the compacts obtained and the character of failure are analyzed.

A remote-control electromagnetic technique is developed to determine the mass velocity behind a shock wave (SW) in porous, fibrous, and other heterogeneous media. As an application of the technique a shock adiabat of Al2O3 powder of bulk density was constructed in the region of low pressures.

A simple and sufficiently accurate method is proposed for estimating the parameters of shockwave loading of porous materials under conditions of complete compaction of the material to the density of a monolith.

A method has been developed for measuring the temperature of a cumulative jet using the thermoelectric effect. The temperature of a copper jet formed under shock loading of a specimen with a semispherical cavity has been measured.

The foil-method and metallographic studies of powdered material particle orientation in specimens subjected to loading are used to show that upon regular reflection of colliding shock waves the flow in the region where they branch is homogeneous. A well expressed high-speed flow of material behind the Mach wave from exists for irregular reflections. In the shock wave branching region, two qualitatively different flowregimes are possible: without high-speed flow slippage, and with such slippage. Flow without slippage is found at shock wave amplitudes below some threshold value, dependent on the initial density of the powdered metal. A transition zone in the form of a viscous wake exists at the boundary of the high-speed and low-speed flows. A numerical solution of the model problem of mixing of two homogeneous flows of viscous liquid was carried out. By comparing calculation results to experiments which recorded characteristic viscous wake parameters, it was established that the effective viscosity of a shock-compressed copper powder with dispersion < 60 μm comprises ∼0.01 m2/sec, with the material remaining in the solid state at a density close to that of a monolithic specimen.