本調査では,最 近の高床式住宅を取り巻く状況に ついて概観し,手 元にある高床式住宅の図面を基に, 高床部分の簡易耐震診断を行い,今 後の高床式住宅 の安全性の確保の仕方について改善提案を行った。 平成10年2月21日 午前9時55分 過ぎに,小 千谷市 真人地区大平を震源とするM5.0の 小千谷地震が発 生した。幸い高床式住宅に被害はなかったが,こ れ を機会に1階 床組を中心に,栃 尾市8棟,山 古志村 10棟,長 岡市15棟について,雪 と地震対策の観点か ら点検してみた。車で悠久山断層沿い等の幹線道路 を移動し,高 床式住宅の基礎部分をほぼ悉皆調査す る形で22軒訪問したところ,殆 どの家で欠陥と言う べき問題点が見つかった。特に自家用車の数が複数 台,多 い家では4~5台 にもなる中で,鉄 骨梁を使っ た大スパンの地階が増えてお り,木 造の土台とRC 造の基礎壁の納まりに大きな問題点があることが観 察された。 長岡市建築設計共同組合では,高 床式住宅の鉄筋 コンクリー ト部分に対する簡易耐震表を作成してい る。 これを基に高床部分の簡易耐震診断を行って見 た結果,鉄 筋コンクリー トの壁は頭繋ぎされておら ず,ま た,そ の上に載る木造2階 建ての床組みとは 緊結されていないため,殆 どが倒壊又は大破壊の危 険があるとの結果となった。 昭和62年4月1日 に出された旧建設省住宅局建築 指導課長による 「高床式住宅に係る床面積の算定方 法の特例について」と題する通知は,平 成13年10月 1日 に廃止され,代 わって 「特別豪雪地帯等におけ る高床式住宅の特例基準」が施行されるようになっ た。 その大きな改正点は,基 礎高を梁下2.5m迄 認め る代わりに,1.5mを 越える高基礎の場合には構造 計 算 書 の提 出 を義務 付 けた こ とで あ る。 この こ とは一 歩前 進 と言 え るが,今 後 は,木 造 住

SYNOPSIS We carried out a work shop combined "problem inspection map" and "KJ method" in Niigata Pref. Tookamachi-shi Gejo-chiku with violent population decrease and aging in a heavy snowfall area. In this paper, we tidied the problems, the ideal and also the solutions of "aging" obtained by this result, and we carried out a study about the one. As a result, the case like the following became obvious. 1) An aging rate of Gejo-chiku with heavy snowfall and depopulation reaches to 24.1% and this area is ultra aged society. 2) Aging rates of 25 towns of Gejo-chiku are 16.1•`44.3% and the difference inside the area is very big. 3) The aged ratio of the families who live in Gejo-chiku is 63.9% and the most of them are living together with parents and children. However, we are expected that gradually the aged couple families increase from now on. 4) Making of the age's life worth living is extremely important in order that the aged overcome aged society. 5) The healthy constant aged request the system and environment inducing the development of the rich and comfortable area life. 6) It is very inportant because an area is remaining and live on that building community by inhabitants is gone expanding.

Today, even in snowy districts, because snow removing technologies are advanced, our life styles depend on cars compulsorily. These trends may become more and more conspicuous in the near future. Then may be summarized as follows :1) In 1996, the number of car possessions per 1, 000 peoples was 389.1 in the snowy districts and it is larger 46.9 more than 342.2 in the non-snowy districts.2) The number of car possessions per 1, 000 peoples was 358.4 in 1995 and it will be 1.57 times 562.9 in 2015. 3) The number of car possessions per 1, 000 peoples over 18 years old is 449.4 in 1995 and it will be 1.56 times 700.2 in 2015.4) The rate of acquisitors of driving license from 1995 to 2015 will be incresed notablely in the aged and the ratio between man and woman will be reduced sharply.5) The number of car possessions per head every 5 years old over 18 years old was 0.381 cars in 1995 and it will be 1.62 times 0.616 cars in 2015.6) The maximum number of car possessions per family in the case of a family of couple and children over 18 years old is 2+n cars. On the other hand, in the case of a family with their parents who are able to drive, the number is 4+n cars. I would emphasite feel that it is necessary to make some guidelines for the solution of the problem. For this purpose, it is important to estimate for the demand for garage space of each family, and to signify appropriate arrangement, scale and types.