The paper describes the scientific and methodological fundamentals for the assessment of engineering geological conditions at platform areas for selection of environmentally friendly sites for allocating municipal solid waste landfills. By the example of Central Federal region of Russia and its part, Vladimir area, the algorithm of assessing the geoenvironment suitability is shown proceeding from the comprehensive consideration of geological structure, lithology of ground massifs, hydrogeology, and geohazards. The typological zoning of geoenvironment is performed in three stages: the first stage includes the small-scale zoning for the preliminary estimation of ground conditions of large regions at the federal level; the second stage comprises the medium-scale zoning for the comprehensive assessment of the territory according to the complex of natural conditions in order to distinguish favorable areas at a regional level; the third stage stands for the large-scale zoning for outlining and comparison of particular plots for MSW disposal proceeding from the score assessment of factors. For each distinguished type of ground conditions, the additional eningeering protective measures for landfill arrangement are assigned.

ОЦЕНКА КАРСТОВО-СУФФОЗИОННОЙ ОПАСНОСТИ ПРИ СТРОИТЕЛЬСТВЕ НОВЫХ ЛИНИЙ МЕТРОПОЛИТЕНА В МОСКВЕАникеев А.В., Козлякова И.В., Кожевникова И.А., Анисимова Н

Abstract Carboniferous deposits in Moscow are composed of interlaying carbonate and clay-marl massifs. The roof of Carboniferous deposits occurs at a depth 5–150 m below the surface. It has been affected by several generations of river erosion. Carbonate layers consist mainly of limestones karstified to a different extent. Suffosion development in overlaying sandy-clayey and sandy horizons resulting in karst-suffosion sinkholes and surface subsidence are related to the ancient buried karst forms. The geological map of Carboniferous deposits is compiled to a scale of 1: 10 000 for the entire territory of Moscow. The map shows the geological structure at the roof of Carboniferous deposits. It also displays the spatial distribution of various stratigraphical and lithological series of Carboniferous system, the subcrop topography of the Carboniferous deposits and thalwegs of pre-Jurassic and pre-Pleistocene (pre-glacial) buried river valleys and gullies. The specifics of karst development in Carboniferous limestone massifs are studied. Karstification and fracturing distribution is analysed in connection with the ancient topography. The geological map of Carboniferous deposits is one of the principal maps for compiling the map of karst and karst-suffosion hazard and the map of engineering geological zoning of Moscow.

Геологическая карта дочетвертичных отложений c рельефом кровли, составленная в рамках проекта крупномасштабного тематического геологического картирования территории г. Москвы в 2007-2009 гг., позволила существенно уточнить и детализировать представления о пространственном распространении, условиях залегания, литологических особенностях различных стратиграфических комплексов мезозойских и каменноугольных отложений на уровне кровли дочетвертичных отложений. На сегодняшний день карта представляет собой наиболее полное обобщение всех имеющихся данных о геологическом строении г. Москвы. Геологическая карта дочетвертичных отложений явилась основой для составления других крупномасштабных карт комплекта: карты каменноугольных отложений с рельефом кровли, карты опасности древних карстовых форм и современных карстово-суффозионных процессов, карты районирования территории г. Москвы по условиям взаимосвязи водоносных горизонтов с элементами защищенности подольско-мячковского водоносного горизонта, карты инженерно-геологического районирования территории г. Москвы.

В статье освещены результаты работ по построению карты опасности древних карстовых форм и современных карстово-суффозионных процессов для территории г. Москвы в масштабе 1 : 10 000, выполнявшихся в ИГЭ РАН в 2007-2009 гг. в рамках проекта крупномасштабного тематического геологического картирования территории города. Специальная геологическая карта такого масштаба впервые построена для всей территории столичного мегаполиса площадью 1100 км2, включая районы, лежащие за МКАД. Карта, созданная на основе обработки данных более чем 25 000 скважин, позволила существенно расширить и детализировать сведения о распространении зон различных категорий карстовой и карстово-суффозионной опасности, что необходимо для оценки природной опасности и риска, обусловленных наличием закарстованных карбонатных пород на территории города. Вместе с другими картами комплекта карту можно использовать при составлении рекомендаций на ранних стадиях проектирования строительного освоения наземного и подземного пространства города.

It is demonstrated that construction utilization of the geologic medium of metropolitan Moscow is restricted by complex geologic-engineering conditions and in-service entities of the underground infrastructure. A procedure for zoning of land, which is based on analysis of geologic and hydrogeologic conditions within the city, is developed. Criteria are proposed for the separation of sections favorable, conditionally favorable, and unfavorable for the erection of structures. The procedure has been approved for the zoning of land for construction of the Moscow International Business Center (MIBC) “City of Moscow.” Rough maps, which make it possible to compare the economic effectiveness of the opening of pits of various depth, are drawn.

The Moscow area of Russia has a complex geological structure. Carboniferous terrigenous-carbonate rocks, which are karstified and fractured, occur at a depth of 10-100 m overlain by a heterogeneous terrigenous sandy clayey massif. Three generations of river valleys of different age are distinguished. The erosional activity of these valleys controls the form of both ancient and present-day relief, plus the composition and thickness of the terrigenous massif overlying the karstified bedrock. It has been found that surface collapses and subsidence are confined to the areas of ancient erosion channels. The ancient buried relief was analysed in detail; its main features are controlled by variability in the geological structure, geodynamic conditions, and exogenous geological processes. The geological survey data, dating back to the beginning of the 19 th century, was studied and allowed information about the different ages of buried relief beneath Moscow to be gathered together. As a result, thalwegs and the central parts of the pre-Jurassic and pre-glacial buried valleys have been traced within the Moscow area. A geological map of Moscow has been produced at the scale 1:10000, which reflects the most up-to-date ideas on the geological structure and the distribution of the different ages of buried erosional channels. This map is the basis for the investigation of the spatial manifestation of natural and human-induced karst processes. It helps with their prediction, hazard assessment, and the solving of problems related to the protection and rational use of the geoenvironment in the megacity of Moscow.

A method used to map the karstic and karstic-suffosion risk for Moscow has been described. Features of the geological structure on the City's territory, responsible for the intensity of the processes associated with the buried karst, have been detailed. The basic principles of these processes have been defined. An approach to establishing the main categories of the karstic and karstic-suffosion risk and their spatial distribution has been shown.