At the National Reference Laboratory of the Republic of Tajikistan out of 602 mycobacteria-positive isolates 146 turned out to be negative according to GeneXpert MTB-RIF testing, while nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) were detected using GenoType® Mycobacterium CM/AS (Hain-test). Species identification of NTM revealed rapidly growing mycobacteria: M. fortuitum complex (39), M. abscessus (24), M. chelonae complex (17); slowly growing mycobacteria: M. avium-intracellulare complex (44), M. xenopi (14); and mycobacteria with intermediate growth rate: M. canetti (4), M. interjectum (4). Due to timely establishment and verification of the diagnosis and timely management of adverse drug effects, successful outcomes of pulmonary mycobacteriosis treatment were achieved in 97% of cases.

The objective of the study: to assess the structure of extrapulmonary tuberculosis in two high-burden regions (Siberia, the Far East of the Russian Federation, and the Republic of Tajikistan), with the consideration of HIV status, gender, and age of patients. Subjects and methods. A simple cohort open retrospective study was carried out based on the analysis of statistical reports from TB control institutions of the Republic of Tajikistan, Siberian and Far Eastern Federal Districts of the Russian Federation for 2018. Results. In the Siberian Federal District and Far Eastern Federal District, among extrapulmonary forms of tuberculosis, the proportion of bone and joint tuberculosis made 43.6%, urinary tuberculosis – 21.3%, and tuberculosis of central nervous system ranked third and made 17%. In Tajikistan, bone and joint tuberculosis also prevailed and made 46.0%, followed by tuberculosis of peripheral lymph nodes. In Tajikistan, among extrapulmonary tuberculosis patients, HIV positive patients made only 3.5%, while in the Siberian and Far Eastern Federal Districts, they made 36.8%. However, in the Siberian and Far Eastern Federal Districts of the Russian Federation, among HIV positive patients with extrapulmonary tuberculosis, tuberculosis of the central nervous system (38.3%) prevailed, in the Republic of Tajikistan it was tuberculosis of peripheral lymph nodes (37.9%), followed by bone and joint tuberculosis (31.0%) and abdominal tuberculosis (17.2%). Urogenital tuberculosis was in the last place in the structure of extrapulmonary tuberculosis in HIV-positive patients.

Материал и методы. В Республике Таджикистан наблюдали 500 жителей ‒ основная группа (ОГ), которые были в трудовой миграции более 3 мес. и вернулись на Родину в течение одного года до включения в данное исследование. Всем им проведены анкетирование для выявления факторов риска развития ТБ и обследование, включавшее пробу Манту с 2 ТЕ (ПМ), рентгенографию органов грудной клетки. Группу сравнения (ГС) составили 500 граждан той же половозрастной категории, не выезжавшие в трудовую миграцию, которым был проведен тот же комплекс обследования.

Objective: to study the prevalence of latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI), risk factors for LTBI to develop into active tuberculosis, the efficacy of preventive treatment in those with LTBI among labor migrants, residing in the Republic of Tajikistan.Subjects and methods. In the Republic of Tajikistan, 500 residents were followed up as Main Group, they all were labor migrants for more than 3 months and returned to their homeland within one year before inclusion in this study. All of them participated in a questionnaire survey to identify risk factors for developing tuberculosis and had the examination that included Mantoux test with 2 TE and chest X-ray. Comparison Group (CG) consisted of 500 citizens of compatible gender and age who did not travel as labor migrants; they all participated in the same survey and had the same examination.Results. The positive results of Mantoux test with no abnormalities on X-ray were observed in 40% of people in Main Group and 33.4% of people in Comparison Group.The following factors were found to be more frequent in Main Group versus Comparison Group, respectively: frequent and continuous exposure to a TB case – 78.2 and 23.1% (p < 0.01); no tuberculosis prevention – 83.1% and 48.4% (p < 0.01); poor accommodation and work conditions 87.9 and 13.6% (p < 0.01); inadequate diet and lack of proper clothes – 79.4 and 24.3% (p < 0.01); limited access to medical care – 85.4 and 22.6% (p < 0.01). MG was found to have a higher summarized risk coefficient (r = 4.75) versus CG (r = 2.0), p < 0.01. During 2–3-year follow-up of those with LTBI who had no preventive treatment with isoniazod, tuberculosis was diagnosed in 44.4% of people from MG and 18.5% of people from CG. The introduction of the integrated approach to tuberculosis control among people preparing for labor migration allowed reducing the proportion (from 19.7 to 13.7%) of labor migrants in the structure of TB incidence.

Peripheral lymph node tuberculosis is one of the most frequent extrapulmonary localizations.The objective of the study: to define the place of peripheral lymph node tuberculosis in the structure of extrapulmonary tuberculosis incidence in the neighboring regions with the unfavorable epidemic situation (Siberian and Far Eastern Federal Districts (SFD and FEFD) and the Republic of Tajikistan); to study the structure of this form of tuberculosis.Subjects and methods. The statistic reports from TB units of SFD, FEFD and the Republic of Tajikistan for 2016-2017 were reviewed. The structure of peripheral lymph node tuberculosis was assessed through a retrospective analysis of medical records of peripheral lymph node tuberculosis patients, notified in the Republic of Tajikistan and Regional Novosibirsk TB Dispensary in 2016 and 2017 in total.Results of the study. In 2016-2017 in SFD and FEFD, isolated forms of extrapulmonary tuberculosis were diagnosed in 1,227 patients, of them, 166 (13.5%) patients suffered from peripheral lymph node tuberculosis. In SFD and FEFD of the Russian Federation, our study detected no statistically significant changes in the proportion of peripheral lymph node tuberculosis in the structure of extrapulmonary tuberculosis incidence in the patients with positive and negative HIV status. In the Republic of Tajikistan, the frequency of peripheral lymph nodes tuberculosis among extrapulmonary tuberculosis cases was statistically significantly higher versus SFD and FEFD in the Russian Federation (504/1 386 and 166/1 227 respectively, p < 0.01). In the Republic of Tajikistan, SFD and FEFD of the Russian Federation, tuberculosis of neck lymph nodes was the most frequent in the structure of peripheral lymph node tuberculosis followed by axillary and inguinal localizations. The difference in the frequency of each localization between the compared regions was not statistically significant.

Peripheral lymph node tuberculosis is one of the most frequent extrapulmonary localizations. The objective of the study : to define the place of peripheral lymph node tuberculosis in the structure of extrapulmonary tuberculosis incidence in the neighboring regions with the unfavorable epidemic situation (Siberian and Far Eastern Federal Districts (SFD and FEFD) and the Republic of Tajikistan); to study the structure of this form of tuberculosis. Subjects and methods . The statistic reports from TB units of SFD, FEFD and the Republic of Tajikistan for 2016-2017 were reviewed. The structure of peripheral lymph node tuberculosis was assessed through a retrospective analysis of medical records of peripheral lymph node tuberculosis patients, notified in the Republic of Tajikistan and Regional Novosibirsk TB Dispensary in 2016 and 2017 in total. Results of the study . In 2016-2017 in SFD and FEFD, isolated forms of extrapulmonary tuberculosis were diagnosed in 1,227 patients, of them, 166 (13.5%) patients suffered from peripheral lymph node tuberculosis. In SFD and FEFD of the Russian Federation, our study detected no statistically significant changes in the proportion of peripheral lymph node tuberculosis in the structure of extrapulmonary tuberculosis incidence in the patients with positive and negative HIV status. In the Republic of Tajikistan, the frequency of peripheral lymph nodes tuberculosis among extrapulmonary tuberculosis cases was statistically significantly higher versus SFD and FEFD in the Russian Federation (504/1 386 and 166/1 227 respectively, p u003c 0.01). In the Republic of Tajikistan, SFD and FEFD of the Russian Federation, tuberculosis of neck lymph nodes was the most frequent in the structure of peripheral lymph node tuberculosis followed by axillary and inguinal localizations. The difference in the frequency of each localization between the compared regions was not statistically significant.

Objective: To study of the frequency of surgical treatment of patients with pulmonary cysts, abdominal, pulmonary and bones tuberculosis. Methods: Analyzed results of surgical treatment of 1506 patients for 2013-2018, which are distributed on the following groups: bone tuberculosis (BT) – 713 (47.3%), pulmonary cysts (PC) – 380 (25.2%), pulmonary tuberculosis (PT) – 310 (20.6%) and lymphoabdominal tuberculosis (LAT) – 103 (6.8%) patients. Results: Analysis of the structure of surgery interventions shows that in recent years (2016-2017) have been marked by a rise in the frequency of BT compared to 2013-2015. Among all surgical forms of tuberculosis prevailed BT, namely, spinal tuberculosis (66%). In this case, the lesion of the lumbar and thoracic spine was observed in 65.9% and 32.3% of cases, respectively. Among pulmonary tuberculosis prevailed fibro-cavernous (58%) and cavernous (24.2%) tuberculosis. Operations in the non-tuberculous pathology of the pulmonary were performed in 25.2% of cases. When LAT, surgical interventions were more often performed for tuberculosis of the lymphatic system (68.0%) and abdominal cavity (26.2%). Conclusion: Among the surgical forms of tuberculosis, bone tuberculosis predominated, namely, spinal tuberculosis. Analysis of the structure of the performed operations depending on the sex of the patients shows that the most common forms of patients with surgical forms of tuberculosis are male patients. Keywords: Pulmonary tuberculosis, pulmonary cyst, lymphoabdominal tuberculosis, spinal tuberculosis.