The purpose of the study was to estimate the medical care for cancer patients in the Amur region from 1999 to 2014. Material and methods. The study was based on cancer register data collected at the Oncology Dispensary of Amur region and covered the period 1999 to 2014. Results. Breast cancer is the most common cancer in women of the Amur region, accounting for 20.8 % of all cancer cases. In 2013, the breast cancer incidence rate was 52.8 per 100,000. The incidence rate for breast cancer increased by 36.4 % from 2003 to 2013, the overall rise being 2.2 %. The mortality rate decreased from 20.3 % in 2003 to 17.3 % in 2014. Cancer care in rural areas of the Amur region is worse than in Blagoveshchensk, which is the regional administrative center. The one-year mortality rate in rural areas is 1.3 times higher than that in the city. The one-year mortality rate is 1.3 times higher in rural areas than in the city, and is 1.2 times higher in the Amur region than in the Russian Federation. Conclusion. Appropriate treatment and prevention measures are recommended for further improvement of medical care for breast cancer patients in the Amur region.

The article presents the results of combined modality treatment for stage III-IV (T3N0-2M0) laryngeal and hypopharyngeal cancers. All patients (55) were divided into 2 groups. Group I patients (n = 25) received pre-operative thermoradiation therapy and Group II patients (n = 30) received pre-operative radiation therapy alone. The follow-up period was 6-24 months. In Group I patients, partial tumor regression was achieved in 21 (84%) patients and stable disease was observed in 4 (16%) patients. In group II patients, partial tumor regression and stable disease were diagnosed in 18 (60%) and 12 (49%) patients, respectively. Local and regional recurrences occurred in 1 patient (4%) of Group I within the first year of follow-up and in 11 patients of Group II (7 within the first year and 4 within two years of followup). The 2-year overall survival rate was 100% in Group I patients and 76.7% +/- 10.1% in Group II patients. Disease-free survival rates were 96.6 +/- 3.5% and 63.3 +/- 13.9%, respectively.

Background. Colorectal cancer is the third most common cancer worldwide. The tendency towards increased incidence of colorectal cancer in Tomsk region correlates with World and Russian tendencies. The purpose of the study was to analyze the incidence rate of colorectal cancer in Tomsk region. Material and methods. The study was based on cancer register data collected at the Cancer Research Institute and Regional Cancer Center (Tomsk) and covered the period 2005 по 2015. Demographic data were obtained from local authorities and government statistics. Results. In Tomsk region, colorectal cancer is the second most common cancer. During the study period (2005–15), the incidence rate of colorectal cancer increased by 39.9 %. The highest incidence rates were observed in patients aged 55 years and older. The median age of patients diagnosed with colorectal cancer in 2015 was 56.3 years. The female and male median age showed a decreasing tendency. In 2015, the colorectal cancer incidence rate in both females and males was the highest among the territories included into the Siberian Federal Region, being 30.9 per 100,000. The rate then stabilized in females, but tended to increase in males. The cumulative risk of developing cancer among the population of Tomsk region had increased, being 7.9 in 2015 compared to 6.5 % in 2005. The cumulative risk of developing cancer was higher in males than in females (10.1 % versus 6.9 %). A specialized care to patients with colorectal cancer over a 10-year period has improved, however one-year mortality rate remains high. The study has shown that screening programs based on the detection of occult blood in the stool are not specific enough. Colonoscopy using high-resolution endoscopy and narrow beam imaging (NBI) are recommended to use as a screening method for the detection of precancerous diseases of the colon.

Preliminary treatment outcomes for 35 patients with stage T1–3N0–2M0 laryngeal and laryngopharyngeal cancer have been presented. Out of 35 patients, there were 30 with laryngeal cancer and 5 with laryngopharyngeal cancer. Combined modality treatment including preoperative radiation therapy was administered to 16 patients and radical radiotherapy (without surgery) was given to 19 patients. Radiotherapy response was assessed in patients treated with total doses of 40 Gy and 60 Gy. Local hyperthermia resulted no in expressed general and local reactions. Patients with laryngeal and laryngopharyngeal cancer and tumor regression of less than 50 % or stable disease underwent surgery. Histological examination revealed complete response in all cases. Patients with laryngeal and laryngopharyngeal cancer and tumor regression of more than 50 % received radical radiation therapy in combination with local hyperthermia. The analysis of treatment outcomes indicates that local hyperthermia allows the rate of complete response to be increased.

The paper presents two-year results of combined modality treatment of patients with stage III–IV (T3N0–1M0) locally advanced laryngeal and laryngopharyngeal cancer. In the first phase of the treatment, all 24 patients included into the study, received preoperative RT with local hyperthermia. Preventive tracheostoma was not an obstacle for the treatment. Patients who achieved partial response or stable disease underwent surgery. In case of complete tumor regression (n=5), radiotherapy was continued up to the total dose of 66 Gy. Histological examination of surgical specimens revealed complete pathological response in all patients who received combined modality treatment. Regional metastases were revealed in 2 patients, and they subsequently underwent lymph node dissection. The overall 2-year survival rate was 100 % and 2-year metastasis-free survival was 91.7 %.

Cancer of the larynx and laryngopharynx, which is accessible to visual and instrumental examination, remains the most relevant and complicated problem among head and neck malignances as before. Investigations show that the incidence of cancer at these sites in Russia in the last decade has risen from 4.5 to 9.67 %. This is a severe and poor prognostic form of cancer, which is characterized by its nonspecific early clinical manifestations, complex anatomic and topographic structure, and a high rate of regional metastases. The mainstay of treatment for head and neck cancer involves 3 components: surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy (RT), which are performed alone or in combination. The most commonly used technique is combined, frequently crippling due to organ-removing operations. The clinical introduction of current radio modifiers, local and deep hyperthermia systems, is a promising approach to improving the results of treatment, to enhancing the radiation damage of RT, and to achieving the tumor regression sufficient for surgical intervention without augmenting the early and late toxicity inherent in chemoradiation treatment. The results of the performed study of 35 patients with T2–3N0–2M0 laryngeal and laryngopharyngeal cancer proved the high efficiency of local hyperthermia in treating malignancies in this region during both preoperative (grades III– IV therapeutic pathomorphism) and radical beam RT.

Preliminary treatment outcomes for 35 patients with stage T 1-3N 0-2M 0 laryngeal and laryngopharyngeal cancer have been presented. Out of 35 patients, there were 30 with laryngeal cancer and 5 with laryngopharyngeal cancer. Combined modality treatment including preoperative radiation therapy was administered to 16 patients and radical radiotherapy (without surgery) was given to 19 patients. Radiotherapy response was assessed in patients treated with total doses of 40 Gy and 60 Gy. Local hyperthermia resulted no in expressed general and local reactions. Patients with laryngeal and laryngopharyngeal cancer and tumor regression of less than 50 % or stable disease underwent surgery. Histological examination revealed complete response in all cases. Patients with laryngeal and laryngopharyngeal cancer and tumor regression of more than 50 % received radical radiation therapy in combination with local hyperthermia. The analysis of treatment outcomes indicates that local hyperthermia allows the rate of complete response to be increased.