硫化氢(hydrogen sulfide,H2S)被认为是第三种气体信号分子,在许多生理及病理生理情况下发挥重要的调节作用.然而,在硫化氢对自噬的作用这一方面仍有一些争论.许多信号通路参与硫化氢的促自噬作用,例如AMPK/mTOR、LKB 1/STRAD/MO25以及MiR-30c信号通路.同时,也有许多信号通路在硫化氢的抗自噬作用中发挥重要作用,例如SR-A、PI3K/SGK1/GSK3β、PI3K/AKT/mTOR、Nrf2-ROS-AMPK、AMPK/mTOR以及NK1信号通路.在治疗人类疾病时,可以设计研发新型硫化氢相关药物,通过调节自噬增加疗效.本文主要讨论硫化氢在其介导的自噬信号通路中的作用.

来华医学留学生数量逐年增加,全国各大医学院校都致力于发展留学生教育.为了提高来华留学生生理学教学质量,促进医学教育与国际接轨,对留学生生理学教学开展实践与探索.通过分析了解留学生的学习难点,文章主要从语言差异、文化背景、理论授课、实验教学、因材施教等几个方面探讨来华医学留学生授课方式的改革之路.

生理学是医学教育基础课程中的核心内容之一.随着医学教学改革的不断深入和现代化科技的迅速发展,教学方法和手段日趋完善,传统的生理学教学模式受到了前所未有的冲击.文章通过微信在传统的LBL+PBL+CBL教学模式中激活式应用的体会,说明了传统教育在保留其优势的前提下,如何更好地融入及跟上现代科技的脚步,跟随新时代学生的思维模式及其全新生活方式,全方位、立体地进行生理学知识的传授,激发学生的学习兴趣,有效地调动其主动寻求知识的积极性,从而达到良好的生理学教学效果,为学习其他医学课程打好坚实的基础.

生理学是医学重要的基础必修课。随着生命科学的日新月异,传统教学模式已经无法满足学生的需求;而引入的PBL、CBL等教学方法,在实施过程中,常因多种因素导致教学效果差强人意。在当前的教学环境下,将PBL和CBL教学法与传统教学方法有机结合,以提升教学质量,培养学生素养,激发学生潜在能力,是目前亟待解决的课题。为此,在本科教学中,开展了LBL＋PBL＋CBL三轨教学的尝试。文章主要介绍了实施该模式教学的感悟和体会。

Objective To investigate the relation of Matrix metalloproteinase and female pelvic organ prolapse.Methods A total of 20 women under went pelvic reconstruction surgery for pelvic floor dysfunction or benign gynaecological disease were included in this study from January 2009 to May 2010.Vaginal tissue biopsies were obtained from patients with POP(n=20) and women without evidence of pelvic floor weakening(n=20).Level of MMP-1,-2 and pro-MMP-2 in the vaginal tissue of women was measured.Results The expression of MMP-1 was significantly higher in vaginal tissue from women with POP(0.68±0.06) than that in control(0.41±0.03,P0.01).In contrast,there was no difference in the expression of MMP-2 between women with and without POP.A more significantly increaseing in pro-MMP-2 expression was seen in vaginal tissue from women with POP(1.98±0.42) than that in control(0.56±0.27,P0.05).Conclusions MMP-1 promotes the collagen degradation.Increased MMP-1 expression in the vaginal tissue is associated with urogenital prolapse.

目的:探讨乏氧诱导因子-1α(hypoxia inducible factor-1α,HIF-1α)在乏氧状态下对鼻咽癌CNE-1细胞放射敏感性的影响.方法:氯化钴处理CNE-1细胞模拟乏氧条件下的培养传代,通过脂质体将不同HIF-1α反义寡核苷酸酸导入CNE-1细胞中,根据转染复合物的不同将CNE-1细胞分为反义联合组、正义联合组、脂质体组和单纯放疗组(放疗对照组).X射线单次照射,照射条件为照射率4 Gy/min,共8Gy,细胞照射后继续乏氧条件下培养24 h.MTT法检测CNE-1细胞的存活率,Western blotting检测CNE-1细胞中HIF-1α和VEGF蛋白的表达.结果:在乏氧条件下,反义联合组的鼻咽癌CNE-1细胞存活率明显大于正义联合组和单纯放疗组.Western blotting结果显示,与正义联合组和单纯放疗组相比,反义联合组CNE-1细胞中HIF-1α蛋白表达显著下降(0.162 ±0.055vs 0.872 ±0.191,0.768±0.217,0.863±0.245,P＜0.05)；同时反义联合组CNE-1细胞中VEGF蛋白的表达量较正义联合组和单纯放疗组明显减少(0.364±0.078 vs 1.165±0.346,1.068±0.379,1.087±0.266,P＜0.05).结论:HIF-1α反义寡核苷酸能有效抑制HIF-1α的表达,对乏氧状态下的鼻咽癌CNE-1细胞具有放射增敏作用.

Objective:To analyze the expression profile of bone morphogenetic protein-1 in vaginal tissue of patients with pelvic organ prolapse and normal controls.Methods:15 patients with pelvic organ prolapse were recruited in this study,as well as 8 patients without SUI or POP as controls.Total mRNAs of BMP-1 were quantified by real-time RT-PCR and expressions of BMP-1-1(70 kDa)and BMP-1-3(130 kDa) isoforms were detected by Western blotting.Results:Bone morphogenetic protein-1 gene decreased in postmenopausal pelvic organ prolapse patients compared with asymptomatic women(P<0.01).The expression of 130 kDa isoforms of BMP-1 were down-regulated in postmenopausal patients(P<0.05),whereas no statistical difference of the 70 kDa isoform expression was found between the two groups.Conclusions:The bone morphogenetic protein-1 expression was down-regulated in the postmenopausal patients with pelvic organ prolapse.Dysregulation of BMP-1 may contribute to dysfunctional pelvic connective tissues.