Приведены данные пятилетнего эксперимента (2019–2023 г.) по изучению отзывчивости разных сортов картофеля, возделываемых по биологизированной технологии в условиях Нечерноземной зоны. Результаты многолетнего эксперимента показывают, что наиболее значимыми факторами, влияющими на урожайность картофеля разных сортов, являются внесение удобрений непосредственно перед посадкой и благоприятные погодные условия на каждом этапе роста. The data of a five–year experiment (2019-2023) on the study of the responsiveness of different potato varieties recommended for cultivation in the middle zone to biologized cultivation technology are presented. The results of a long-term experiment show that the most significant factors affecting the yield of potatoes of different varieties are the application of fertilizers immediately before planting and favorable weather conditions at each stage of growth.

Long-term data obtained from studying a wide range of alluvial soils formed on floodplain terraces of rivers in the taiga-forest and steppe zones of the European and West Siberian Plains are summarized. The microstructure of alluvial soils in the central part of the floodplain terraces of a number of large rivers such as the Ob, Pechora, Northern Dvina, Ugra, Oka, Desna, Klyazma and Tikhaya Sosna Rivers was studied using the methods of micromorphology and scanning electron microscopy. We identified the features and diagnostic signs of flood-alluvial and elementary soil-forming processes that determine the formation of the profile of alluvial meadow soils. All bioclimatic zones are characterized by high aggregation and porosity of humus-accumulative horizons. However, humus of the mull and moder type is formed in the taiga-forest zone, while in the steppe – only mull. Diagnostic signs of zonality in alluvial meadow soils are the shape and size of Fe-Mn formations, clay deposits and cutans, gypsum and carbonates. In the taiga-forest zone the ecological conditions of the high floodplain are marked by the presence of Fe-Mn new formations in the form of nodules and the presence of clay deposits in the lower part of the profile. At the same time, the low floodplain is marked by Fe-Mn new formations in the form of flakes and spots, clay cutans (films) in the pores and around the units at the bottom of the profile. Alluvial meadow soils of the steppe zone are characterized by the presence of new formations of gypsum and carbonates in the lower part of the profile, and the absence of illuvial cutans. Intensive agrogenic use of alluvial meadow soils promotes the disaggregation of the humus-accumulative horizon, the leaching of amorphous forms of humus from it, and the reorientation of clay minerals into a horizontal arrangement in the horizons located below the plow base.

The analysis of the taxonomic structure of the bacterial complexes in the alluvial soils of the Oka River valley allowed revealing the distinct differences in the spectrum of the bacterial dominants in the virgin and cultivated soils. Arthrobacter and pigment coryneform bacteria are shown to predominate in the virgin soil; bacilli and pseudomonades are common in the soil under vegetables. On cabbage leaves and carrot roots (both healthy and rotten), the spectrum of dominants is composed of two genera of enterobacteria: Pantoea and Erwinia . As a result of the plowing in of vegetables into the soil, enterobacteria accumulate; among them, phytopathogenic species are present. Within a year after this plowing in and the new yield, the enterobacteria practically disappeared, but myxobacteria and cytophages developed. Since these bacteria belong to the cellulose-destroying prokaryotes, the increase in their contents in the soil testified to their participation in the decomposition of the buried vegetable residues. Weeds are known to concentrate various bacterial forms in the phylloplane; they enter from different ecological niches: soil, water, meadow, and agricultural plants. Representatives of phytopathogenic bacteria as minor components were found on weeds.