为了明确覆膜机不同作业参数下培土刀对覆膜培土量的影响,采用离散元分析方法建立覆膜机培土刀与地垄仿真模型.以地垄模型一侧固定位置、固定大小的土壤质量为试验指标,采用单因素试验确定出刀垄距离为2～4 cm时培土效果较好.在刀垄距离为2～4 cm条件下,以培土刀转速、行走速度、培土深度、刀垄距离为试验因素,进行四因素五水平正交仿真试验.结果表明:覆膜机作业参数对培土量影响因素由主到次依次为培土深度(C)、刀垄距离(D)、培土刀转速(A)、行走速度(B),且4个因素中培土深度(C)对结果影响极其显著,刀垄距离(D)对结果影响较显著,培土刀转速(A)与行走速度(B)对结果影响不显著.其中,培土深度C2与C3之间差异不显著,C1与C4、C5之间差异显著,且培土深度参数为C1时覆膜机培土量最少,培土深度参数为C5时覆膜机培土量最多.刀垄距离D3与D5之间差异不显著,D2与D4之间差异不显著,D1与D2、D4之间差异显著,且刀垄距离参数为D1时覆膜机培土量最少,刀垄距离参数为D4时覆膜机培土量最多.分析培土刀入土过程可知:培土刀作业过程中,大部分土壤颗粒呈分散状态落至地垄一侧,且不同颗粒运动状态不一致.研究结果可为今后主动式培土覆膜机整机设计参数优化提供参考.

本文研制了一款适合丘陵山区的烟草井窖式打孔投苗机.该机械以电机为打孔动力单元,人工推动机器作业,由打孔装置、投苗装置、机架、前轮转向机构等部分组成.田间试验结果表明,该机械一次性完成了起垄覆膜后的单垄单行烟地打孔和投苗作业,打孔参数及质量符合当地烟草移栽农艺要求,平均作业效率680穴/h.该机械实现了自走式作业,减轻了劳动强度,提高了综合作业效率,具有推广价值.

起垄机械化是推动农业生产全程机械化的重要环节.为了深入系统地了解我国起垄机械关键技术,文章综述了我国起垄机械的研究现状及其在丘陵山区烟叶生产中的应用现状,重点分析了运用较为广泛的整形式、开沟式和圆盘式起垄机的研究进展,指出了目前丘陵山区烟叶生产存在起垄机械研发投入不足、宜机化条件差、耕层浅导致起垄高度不够等问题,并提出了相关解决对策,同时指出未来起垄机械一机多用、轻量化、智能化的发展趋势,以期为起垄机械研发及其在烟叶生产中的应用提供参考.

论述国内外覆膜机械的研究现状,介绍了国内机械覆膜的主要类型以及原理,总结了国内机械研究机构对覆膜机械关键部件的设计和研究.分析了现有覆膜机械存在的问题,并对未来覆膜机械的发展提出了建议,为覆膜机械的研究提供参考.

在当前烟草农机运行管理体系之下,由于缺乏科学有效的农机配置体系、服务体系和作业标准体系,农机的使用率、完好率和作业合格率普遍不高,其中作业合格率不高的问题不仅影响烤烟的生产质量,还阻碍了机械化的全面发展和进步.为进一步加强农机配置与应用,本文采用六西格玛法对农机作业合格率偏低的问题进行了分析,并提出解决措施,以全面提高农机作业合格率,并以此为切入点,全面推进烟草农机的全程机械化建设.

介绍了贵州省烟草机械现状,重点阐述了起垄机、覆膜机、移栽机和施肥机等关键机械现状,从农机农艺、种植规模等方面分析了烟草机械化存在的问题,提出相应的解决建议,并展望了烟草种植机械化发展方向.

To meet the demand of modern intelligent agricultural production , improve the working efficiency of the vege-tables grafting and reduce manual labor input or intensity .The purpose of this paper is to research an efficient ,reliable, and safe solanaceae cleft and attached automatic control system for the whole row of grafting machine .Using OMRON-CP1H series of PLC as the central unit to control the electromagnetic valve ,relay,servo motor or stepping motor working . According to the process technology of machine operations and debugging installation requirements , applying the CX-pro-fessional programmer programming software ,writing T chat control program to provide automatic operation ,single step op-eration and functional unit run independently three models .Experiments show that the solanaceae whole row of grafting machine under automatic model , running time is 5 .33 s per plant , the efficiency is up to 1050 plants per hour .

To improve the automation level of the grafting task and legalize automatic pipeline operation , an automatical stacking system for grafted-seedling trays was designed in this paper .This system consists of the mechanical structure and control system .The mechanical part include the pushing platform driven by roller and linear modules and the lifting system driven by chain wheel .The control system was implemented with PLC .Experiments were conducted in laboratory and field.Results showed that the lift positioning accuracy reached ±1.0mm and the longest operation interval was 26 seconds .The system was reliable and applicable to the automatic pipeline operation .