As a consequence of the conducted study, it was revealed that the grain yield of winter rye as affected by mineral fertilizers had increased by 23.1-34.6%. When applying low doses of nitrogen fertilizers, higher effectiveness of biopreparations was noted. It was proved that applying mineral fertilizers at a dose of N90P70K80 resulted in the highest net operating profit, while increasing the dose of nitrogen fertilizers led to its decrease. The use of biopreparations in the cultivation of winter rye was economically viable. When treating crops with these preparations, net operating profit increased by 4.1-6.3%, compared to the control. The largest income per one ruble of expenditures for biopreparations was obtained when using Albite and Azotovit. As affected by mineral fertilizers and biopreparations, the number of wintered plants in the first case significantly increased by 2.6-4.3% compared to the control, while in the second case the increase was by 1.5-2.8%. The application of complete fertilizer (NPK-compound) and treatment of crops with biopreparations had a positive effect on the plants’ preservation for harvesting. As affected by complete mineral fertilizer, preservation degree significantly increased by 3.9-7.9% compared to the control, while the treatment of crops with biopreparations contributed to its increase by 1.42.0%.

In two-factor field experiment being carried out in leached chernozem of Mordovia variety testing station in 2009-2012, the effect of fertilizers and biological products on the efficiency of water resources and photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) by winter rye variety Estafeta Tatarstana has been studied. During experience, the average daily consumption of water was 0.60 mm in autumn, and 1.98 mm in spring and summer. Applying of fertilizers and biological resource increases the efficiency of water using. In testing site (without any fertilizer) 900.1 tons of water per 1 ton of grain was consumed. Application of N 30P 70K 80 reduced water consumption by 13,1 % (782,1 t.). Application of N 60P 70K 80 reduced water consumption by 19,4 % (725,2 t.). Application of N 90P 70K 80 reduced water consumption by 22,2 % (700,4 t.). Application of N 124P 70K 80 reduced water consumption by 18,6 % (733,2 t.). Reduction of water consumption under the influence of biological fertilizer was 4,1 -5,3% in compare with the testing site. It has been found that the efficiency of PAR varies depending on the use of fertilizers and crop processing with biological products. Under the influence of fertilizer PAR efficiency increased by 19,3-48,2%, biological products -by 7,2-10,8% in compare with the testing site. The highest efficiency of water resource and photosynthetically active radiation use was observed if N 60P 70K 80 is applied during preplanting (+ N30) in early spring and if crops were processed with Azotovit and Albit biological products.

Treatment of crops by biological agents namely Planriz (1 I / ha), Azotovit (0.4 I / ha), Agrovit-kor (2 I / ha), Albit (0.04 I / ha) during tillering phase in autumn and during spring renewal of vegetation under leached chernozem condition in 2010-2012 showed the increasing of ecological plasticity and improving of plants adaptive properties during fall and winter. Biologicals application has provided an increase in biological productivity of winter rye varieties Tatarstan Estapheta by 0,20-0,27 t / ha (8,3-11,2%), winter wheat varieties Volga quality by 0, 17-0,27 t / ha (8,5-12,1%) and increasing of protein content by 0.2-0.3 and 0.2% respectively. Higher yield and better grain quality was observed on plots where biological Albit had been applied. Increase in grain yield of winter rye was 0.27 t / ha (11.2%), and increase of winter wheat was 0.24 t / ha (12.1%). Crops treated with biologic agents have a positive impact on seeds quality. Under laboratory conditions, biologics increase the germination of winter rye seeds by 2-3%, its vitality by 3%, and growth vitality by 3.1%. Seeds got from crops treated with biologic agents are characterized by better development of seedlings. Biological products have a positive impact on the number and length of roots. The number of seeds with four roots in winter wheat treated with biological products increased by 2%, and with 5 roots by 4%. Germs height increased by 5.6% and the total length of the roots by 17.4% under influence of Azotovit, and respectively by 5.6% and 19.9% under influence of Albit in contrast with tested seeds.

The study was aimed to identify the efficiency of moisture resource using by winter wheat variety “Volzhskaya kachestvennaya” under the influence of mineral fertilizers and biological products in leached chernozem condition. During 2009-2012 two-factor field experiment was carried out on the basis of Mordovia Variety Testing Stations. Testing samples (without fertilizer) were compared to embodiments with compensation of nitrogen removal by 20%, 40%, 60%, and 80%. Phosphorus removal in all cases was compensated by 100%, and potassium by 60%. All the crops were treated in the phase of tillering in spring and autumn with biological products such as Planriz (1 l/ha), Azotovit (0.4 l/ha), Agrovit-core (2 l/ha), and Albit (0.04 l/ha). It has been proved that the cultivation of winter wheat “Volzhskaya kachestvennaya” during favorable moisture years the highest yield of grain is formed in the compensation of 60-80%. During dry years, this compensation should be of 20-40% of nitrogen, 100% of phosphorus, and 60% of potassium removal. Biological fertilizers are more effective at lower nitrogen fertilizers doses. Plants used the greatest amount of moisture from 0-100 cm soil layer in fertilizers applying. Also it has been proved that winter wheat with fertilizers applying increased moisture absorption from a meter layer of soil by 13,0-36% compared with the testing samples. The total moisture intake in average for 3 years increased in fertilizer applying by 5,3-15,7% compared with testing samples. But in fertilizer applying the efficiency of water resources usage increased. The loss of moisture for a ton of grain formation in testing site without fertilizers was 806 tones. When N 40P 65K 70 was applied it decreased by 10,7 %. The use of N 80P 65K 70 showed 9,1 % decrease, and N 120P 65K 70 showed 6,6 % decrease. Under the influence of biological products the moisture loss decreased by 6,4-8,2% compared to the testing samples.

The aim of this research was the identification of mineral fertilizers and biological products for new winter crop varieties. It has been found when such varieties as winter rye “Estafeta Tatarstan” (Tatarstan’s Relay) and winter wheat “Volzhskay Kachestvennaya” (Volga Quality) was cultivated on leached well-phosphored and well-potassiumed black soil (chernozem) the highest crop yield was formed under 60% of nitrogen, 100% of phosphor and 60% of potassium removal condition. Increasing of winter wheat yield under these conditions was 1,15-1,23 t/h and winter wheat 0,99-1,16 t/ha in compare with common benchmarks. Biological fertilizers were effective under low values of mineral fertilizers. High conjugation cenosis capacity with yields was established (g2 = 0,88-0,96). It allows to use this indicator for identification of optimal fertilizers doses to create optimal balance between quantity of productive stalk and grains quantity in ear.

It is established that the Republic of Mordovia year has been a significant loss of plant spring wheat root rots, and seed infection of pathogens. The widespread and intense expression of root rot is the result of high saturation acreage crops, the low level of cultivation technology, reducing the requirements for quality seed. Fitoekspertiza seeds showed that the species composition of the agents and the degree of damage varied from year to year seeds and crops. Helped defeat seed temperature during grain filling 17-20 °C and high humidity 75 %. Shows the relationship between the degree of infection of seed pathogens and indicators of root rot of seedlings, vegetative organs of laboratory and field germination and grain yield of spring wheat. In the case of infection of seeds, more intense primary roots were affected, resulting in a sparse crop. Use for seed sowing, with a strong degree of infection, caused loss of spring wheat yield of 35 %.

The article is devoted to the research of weeds and winter crops interrelation under different doses of mineral fertilizers. Field experiment showed that weeds number and their mass changed according to meteorological conditions and mineral fertilizers application. In 2011 versus dramatically dry year of 2010 the number of weeds increased in 4-11% within early spring vegetation period, in 33-47% during earing phase and in 18-53% during harvesting. Significant increase of their number during all the vegetation phase of winter crops has been noted under mineral fertilizers influence. It has been found, however, weeds number increasing under mineral fertilizer application didn’t increase their mass. During research it was established that there were dwarf weeds presence on well-cultivated leached black soils under last (from 1974 till 1996) mineral fertilizer application for winter rye. Weeds raped being 2,5-4 cm high and formed from 8 to 12 achenes.

The obtained information shows that the shallow cultivation of the soil with the depth of 8-10 cm and synchronous use of biological preparations and complex means of plants protection assist to effective consumption of reserves of liquid for spring wheat plants.

The paper is devoted to the influence of triticale varieties, forecrops and mineral fertilizers on decreasing of water demanding and increasing of photosynthesis active part of solar radiation efficiency are detected.

The article is devoted to the seed-production status and the way of it modernization. The article notes that there is necessity of mutual actions of executive and juridical branches with scientific and research institutions.

The share of atmospheric precipitation constitutes 31.6-52.7% (dry years) and 82.5-94.6% (wet years) of the total water consumption by spring wheat. The intensity of soil water uptake depends on conditions of mineral nutrition. The input of soil water to the total water consumption by spring wheat varies from 33.2 to 70.5% on unfertilized plots and from 35.4 to 74.0% on the plots treated with mineral fertilizers. The total water consumption by spring wheat on fertilized plots is 7.8 to 24.1% higher than on control plots; the efficiency of water consumption (per yield weight) on fertilized plots is 7.9 to 12.4% higher than that in the control.