The survival of patients with severe COVID-19 depends on timely and adequate assessment of the risk of adverse disease outcomes. Currently, conflicting data on the prognostic value of various laboratory parameters in severe COVID-19 caused by different SARS-CoV-2 variants require analysis and systematization. The leading clinical and laboratory signs that determine the severity of COVID-19 include the syndrome of systemic inflammatory reaction and hemostasis disorders, which, in conditions of high viral load, hypoxia, and toxic exposure, contribute to the development of cytolytic syndrome, cytopenia, and multiple organ failure. Biological and immunological features of SARS-CoV-2 variants have an important influence on the severity of the infection. Based on literature sources, we have listed the most significant laboratory parameters, which, combined with clinical criteria, serve as an accurate guide for physicians both in monitoring patients and selecting therapy in Russia and abroad. Some SARS-CoV-2 variants exhibit reduced susceptibility to monoclonal antibodies and recombination plasma, which requires a revision of the therapy strategy. Detailed analysis of pathognomonic laboratory parameters and understanding of the immunological response to a particular SARS-CoV-2 variant will quickly and accurately identify the vulnerable patient groups, timely change in their therapy, and prevent complication development.

Chronic hepatitis B (CHB) is caused by hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. This disease is a key issue for global health. Modern methods of therapy do not completely eliminate HBV from infected cells and do not cure chronic infection. The CRISPR/Cas9 systems of site-specific nucleases can effectively cleave do not target DNA including viral genomes. The cleavage of the major form of the HBV genome, i.e., covalently closed circular DNA (cccDNA), leads to a robust reduction in viral replication and degradation or mutational inactivation of cccDNA. CRISPR/Cas9-based approaches are one of the most promising ways to achieve a 'sterilizing' cure of CHB, i.e., complete elimination of the virus from the body. Here, the HBV mouse model in vivo has been used to analyze the antiviral activity of the high-specific Cas9 protein and sgRNA targeting HBV genome. We have found that a single injection of short-lived ribonucleoprotein complexes of CRISPR/Cas9 results in a ~10-fold reduction in HBV DNA levels in the serum and liver of mice as early as 48 h after the start of the experiment. The remaining HBV DNAs have been found to harbor rare indel mutations. Developing new antivirals for treating CHB based on CRISPR/Cas9 ribonucleoprotein complexes could substantially reduce the duration of CHB therapy and, potentially, achieve complete elimination of viral infection.

Chronic hepatitis B (CHB) is caused by hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. This disease is a key issue for global health. Modern methods of therapy do not completely eliminate HBV from infected cells and do not cure chronic infection. The CRISPR/Cas9 systems of site-specific nucleases can effectively cleave do not target DNA including viral genomes. The cleavage of the major form of the HBV genome, i.e., covalently closed circular DNA (cccDNA), leads to a robust reduction in viral replication and degradation or mutational inactivation of cccDNA. CRISPR/Cas9-based approaches are one of the most promising ways to achieve a 'sterilizing' cure of CHB, i.e., complete elimination of the virus from the body. Here, the HBV mouse model in vivo has been used to analyze the antiviral activity of the high-specific Cas9 protein and sgRNA targeting HBV genome. We have found that a single injection of short-lived ribonucleoprotein complexes of CRISPR/Cas9 results in a ~10-fold reduction in HBV DNA levels in the serum and liver of mice as early as 48 h after the start of the experiment. The remaining HBV DNAs have been found to harbor rare indel mutations. Developing new antivirals for treating CHB based on CRISPR/Cas9 ribonucleoprotein complexes could substantially reduce the duration of CHB therapy and, potentially, achieve complete elimination of viral infection.

Patients underwent many surgical interventions are referred to a high risk group on morbidity by viral hepatitis. Mixt replications of viruses of hepatitis В (VHB) and С occur rarely. Obstetricians and gynaecologists fail to recommend the implementation of IVF procedure for women with the burdened gynaecological history due to viral hepatitis В and С and the pronounced fibrosis of liver tissue. We showed that for such patients antiviral therapy (AVT) started in good time allows to stop the replication of virus of hepatitis C, considerably to decline the VHВ loading and diminish the activity of process of fibrogenesis that, consequently, gives a chance for performance of IVF procedure.

To show the need for a comprehensive assessment of non-invasive, invasive and laboratory examination of patients with newly diagnosed hepatitis, especially in presence of space-occupying lesions of the liver (cysts) for detection of cancer pathology. Methods of performing. To confirm the diagnosis of HCC, the following instrumental methods of examination of the patient have been performed: ultrasound, CT and MRI of the internal organs of the pelvis and abdomen. The puncture of cystic formation was performed with the purpose of morphological verification of the diagnosis. A morphological and histological study of the tumor was performed. Evaluation of laboratory parameters included the basic general clinical and biochemical analyzes, as well as FibroMax, tumor markers: CEA, SA19-9, AFR, the qualitative and quantitative determination of HCV RNA. Results. Showed that taken separately laboratory values or single screening tool examination fail to give the fully valid answer about the nature and course of the pathological process. Conclusion. Comprehensive evaluation of patients with newly diagnosed HCV and timely initiated antiviral therapy permit to prevent or postpone the promote manifestations of chronic HCV, to preclude the development of primary HCC and its recurrence. When making a decision on the tactics of the management of the patient it is necessary to consider the totality of all the necessary instrumental and non-instrumental and laboratory methods of examination Keywords: chronic viral hepatitises C, hepatocellular carcinoma, oncomarkers, treatment of HCC and CHCV

To show the need for a comprehensive assessment of non-invasive, invasive and laboratory examination of patients with newly diagnosed hepatitis, especially in presence of space-occupying lesions of the liver (cysts) for detection of cancer pathology. Methods of performing. To confirm the diagnosis of HCC, the following instrumental methods of examination of the patient have been performed: ultrasound, CT and MRI of the internal organs of the pelvis and abdomen. The puncture of cystic formation was performed with the purpose of morphological verification of the diagnosis. A morphological and histological study of the tumor was performed. Evaluation of laboratory parameters included the basic general clinical and biochemical analyzes, as well as FibroMax, tumor markers: CEA, SA19-9, AFR, the qualitative and quantitative determination of HCV RNA. Results. Showed that taken separately laboratory values or single screening tool examination fail to give the fully valid answer about the nature and course of the pathological process. Conclusion. Comprehensive evaluation of patients with newly diagnosed HCV and timely initiated antiviral therapy permit to prevent or postpone the promote manifestations of chronic HCV, to preclude the development of primary HCC and its recurrence. When making a decision on the tactics of the management of the patient it is necessary to consider the totality of all the necessary instrumental and non-instrumental and laboratory methods of examination Keywords: chronic viral hepatitises C, hepatocellular carcinoma, oncomarkers, treatment of HCC and CHCV