Results of two perennial hospitals on studying influence of new grades, Natural factors, methods of an intensification of manufacture and technological complexes on productivity of culture are submitted. Advantage in productivity of a winter barley in comparison with summer in 2,6 times is marked. On the average for years of researches the greatest productivity on natural, on fertility, a background grades of summer barley Bezenchukski 2 and the Golden eagle (1,59...1,69 t/ he) and winter Zhigulis and Sadko (3,42...3,47 t/he). Cultivation of new grades allows to increase payment of nutrients and to lower the charge of a moisture on formation 1 т grains, in comparison with zoned earlier, on a winter barley accordingly on 1,11...4,11 kg / kg r.s. and on 24,2...25,6 %, on summer on 0,22...3,22 kg / kg r.s. and on 4,4...18,1 %. By results of researches technological complexes, key parameters of cultivation summer and a winter barley, providing are offered at conservation of soil fertility realization of genetic potential of new grades, agroclimatic resources the Volga region, decrease of industrial expenses for 500...800 rub./ he, the charge of fuel and labour expenses in 1,5...2,0 times, increase of profitability on 30...50 %.

In article results of comparative studying of efficiency of crop rotations of various agricultural purpose are resulted, influence of biological methods of reproduction of soil fertility on soil characteristics and efficiency of fertilizer of cultures of a crop rotation is considered.

As result of long-term studies the interlinking of yield and grain quality of spring wheat with soil fertility and the use of fertilizers is shown. A comparative evaluation of wheat species on their reaction to fertilizers at different soil cultivation technologies is carried out. Such wheat species as Volgouralskaya, Tulaykovskaya 5 and Tulaykovskaya 10 have demonstrated more stable yields and higher technological grain qualities.