One of the most urgent problems of modern oncology is cancer of the stomach, which takes one of the leading places in the structure of cancer incidence. Given the high prevalence of gastric cancer and aggressive course of the disease it is extremely necessary to solve the problem of early diagnosis based on evidence-based medicine and meticulously comply with this disease screening protocols. The review highlights the main precancerous processes and conditions prior to the appearance of tumor, especially degeneration of precancerous lesions to cancer. In particular, to precancerous conditions include chronic atrophic gastritis, pernicious anemia, intestinal metaplasia of the gastric epithelium, the appearance of polyps, endured surgery on the stomach, Menetries disease. These diseases with different frequencies give rise to different degrees of severity of dysplasia, and metaplasia of the stomach epithelium, and ultimately cancer. Understanding precancerous states helps to shape risk and carefully carry out the selection of patients for screening activities to develop the tactics of treatment of precancer and early gastric cancer. The standard diagnosis is endoscopy, which allows to perform a biopsy of the alleged pathological focus for subsequent histological examination is necessary for morphological verification of diagnosis and patient management. To improve the method used technique of chromoesdoscopic examination. Thanks to the introduction of new technologies into clinical practice, such as particular zoom magnification endoscopy, endoscopic examination in a narrow spectral range, endoscopic ultrasound, has become possible to more accurately determine the boundaries of the tumor, depth of invasion into the stomach wall and correctly assess the state of the regional lymph nodes. Diagnosis of early forms of gastric cancer has opened opportunities for sparing endoscopic interventions, namely endoscopic mucosal resection of the stomach, endoscopic submucosal dissection by layer, photodynamic therapy and laser destruction. All these techniques can improve patient survival and quality of life by improving the methods for early diagnosis of the disease and organ sparing surgery.

The review of works on technology stepler anastomosis of the esophagus and the small intestine after gastrectomy for the last 5 years is presented. Improving stepler devices is going in compression depending on the thickness of tissue, heads with variable position, the presence of feedback mechanism.

The analysis of the effectiveness of different methods of treatment of patients with gastric cancer have been conducted. In additional to surgery methods of antitumor action preoperative radiation therapy (combination therapy), adjuvant chemotherapy allowed to improve survival in patients with locally advanced gastric cancer as compared with surgical method only. On the early stages of gastric cancer surgery may be the only and final treatment. Indicators of long-term survival in usage of routine treatment options (surgery and irradiation) or adjuvant chemotherapy improved by 1.5-2 times, and were the highest in the group with combined radiotherapy (5-year survival rate 25%). Improvement of resection procedures in gastric cancer in combination with appearing of targeted, immunomodulatory drugs, increasing possibility of high-precision equipment improve long-term results as well. Thus, improvement of treatment methods of gastric cancer requires search for and application of new advanced modes of systemic and combined treatment.

The analysis of the effectiveness of different methods of treatment of patients with gastric cancer have been conducted. In additional to surgery methods of antitumor action – preoperative radiation therapy (combination therapy), adjuvant chemotherapy allowed to improve survival in patients with locally advanced gastric cancer as compared with surgical method only. On the early stages of gastric cancer surgery may be the only and final treatment. Indicators of long-term survival in usage of routine treatment options (surgery and irradiation) or adjuvant chemotherapy improved by 1.5-2 times, and were the highest in the group with combined radiotherapy (5-year survival rate - 25%). Improvement of resection procedures in gastric cancer in combination with appearing of targeted, immunomodulatory drugs, increasing possibility of high-precision equipment improve long-term results as well. Thus, improvement of treatment methods of gastric cancer requires search for and application of new advanced modes of systemic and combined treatment.

One of the most urgent problems of modern oncology is cancer of the stomach, which takes one of the leading places in the structure of cancer incidence. Given the high prevalence of gastric cancer and aggressive course of the disease it is extremely necessary to solve the problem of early diagnosis based on evidence-based medicine and meticulously comply with this disease screening protocols. The review highlights the main precancerous processes and conditions prior to the appearance of tumor, especially degeneration of precancerous lesions to cancer. In particular, to precancerous conditions include chronic atrophic gastritis, pernicious anemia, intestinal metaplasia of the gastric epithelium, the appearance of polyps, endured surgery on the stomach, Menetries disease. These diseases with different frequencies give rise to different degrees of severity of dysplasia, and metaplasia of the stomach epithelium, and ultimately cancer. Understanding precancerous states helps to shape risk and carefully carry out the selection of patients for screening activities to develop the tactics of treatment of precancer and early gastric cancer. The standard diagnosis is endoscopy, which allows to perform a biopsy of the alleged pathological focus for subsequent histological examination is necessary for morphological verification of diagnosis and patient management. To improve the method used technique of chromoesdoscopic examination. Thanks to the introduction of new technologies into clinical practice, such as particular zoom magnification endoscopy, endoscopic examination in a narrow spectral range, endoscopic ultrasound, has become possible to more accurately determine the boundaries of the tumor, depth of invasion into the stomach wall and correctly assess the state of the regional lymph nodes. Diagnosis of early forms of gastric cancer has opened opportunities for sparing endoscopic interventions, namely endoscopic mucosal resection of the stomach, endoscopic submucosal dissection by layer, photodynamic therapy and laser destruction. All these techniques can improve patient survival and quality of life by improving the methods for early diagnosis of the disease and organ sparing surgery.

Представлений огляд літератури з проблем інтраперитонеальної хіміотерапії. В усіх дослідженнях відмічено позитивні результати. Перспективним напрямком є інтраперитонеальні ін’єкційні методики із застосування цисплатини, доксорубіцину, паклітакселу.

The data about the problems of intraperitoneal chemotherapy are presented. In all studies positive results are achieved. Intraperitoneal injection methods of applying cisplatin, doxorubicin and paclitaxel prove to be prospective.

У роботі представлено результати досліджень показників захворюваності на первинний рак печінки (ПРП), ролі ймовірних етіологічних чинників у гепатоканцерогенезі та стану діагностики і лікування. Встановлено, що захворюваність на ПРП у Тернопільській області становить 3,6-4,1 на 100 тис. населення і вважається низькою. Основними причинами виникнення ПРП є, вірогідно, перенесений вірусний гепатит і хронічний алкоголізм, трансформовані в цироз печінки. У 88,7 % хворих ПРП виявляється на пізніх стадіях хвороби. УЗД і КТ повинні використовуватись як метод скринінгу ПРП при профілактичних оглядах груп ризику. Хіміотерапія в режимі системної внутрішньовенної монотерапії (5-фторурацил) малоефективна.