Clause is devoted to various aspects of study почв the Samara Onions (Samara area, Average Povolzhe). A variety and originality soils the Samara Onions connected to spatial heterogeneity lytologic of the factor and geomorphological conditions of territory is discussed. The basic types soils are described: carbo-petrozems, carbo-lytozems, brownzems of dark, dark grey and grey ground, дерново-подзолы and cover-underfashes, grownzems, alluviy. Is carried out soils-geographical areaing of territory, the separate questions of evolution solis, problem synlytogenesis are considered at mountain soils formation. Is described humus a condition of the basic types soils. The questions of protection soils Zhigulevsk of reserve and national park «The Samara Onion» are discussed.

Investigation of soil morphology and genesis was conducted on topo-litho-sequence for the first time for Samarskaya Luka. Soil sequence crosses the northern part of samarskaya Luka and includes main types of landscapes of Jiguli State Reserve. Extremely high diversity of soils which were revealed during investigation is caused by pecularities of geological factor of soil formation parent materials and relief. New Russian Soil Classification and Diagnostic was attempted fo Samara region for the first time. As our investigations shows there is all necessary taxonomical categories in new soil classification which are needed for analyses of soil diversity of such complicated territories as Samarskaya Luka.