[Objective] T he main purpose was to explore the relationship between weather variation and pine wilt disease (PWD) development in Yiling district ,Hubei Province .[M ethods] T he research focused on the infected M asson pine forest ecosystem in Yiling district .T he correlation analysis ,principal component analysis and redundancy analysis were conducted to reveal the effects of weather conditions on the pine wilt disease development from 2006 to 2013 .[Results] (1) T he weather conditions from 2004 to 2006 ,two years prior to PWD occurred ,showed a higher temperature ,lower precipitation ,and lower relative humidity than the average historic data .(2) During the severe PWD damage year ,the study area experienced higher temperature and lower relative humidity , while it was higher relative humidity and strong precipitation during the slight PWD damage years .(3) T he RDA results indicated that the higher monthly rela-tive humidity was ,the wider the pine wilt disease was spread among M asson pine forest ecosystem .T he higher the monthly mean wind speed was ,the faster the pine sawyer beetle was spread .With the increase of the highest average temperature ,the mean temperature ,and the hours of sunshine ,the number of pine wilt disease damaged M asson pine stems and damaged areas were increased ;on the contrary ,the number of dead trees and damaged areas were decrease . [Conclusion] T he study indicated that the number of PWD damaged sites and the number of PWD damaged M asson pine stems were the major indicators for the intensity of PWD epidemic degrees in Yiling district .T he main climatic factors that closely related to the outbreak of pine wilt disease included monthly mean temperature ,the monthly high-est temperature ,monthly mean relative humidity ,and yearly precipitation .T he results will provide a key scientific the-oretical basis for the monitoring ,early warning and management of the PSB and PWN .

栗实象甲在我国主要板栗种植区均有发生且危害严重,造成巨大的经济损失.以栗实象甲幼虫和球孢白僵菌为试验材料,对染菌后的栗实象甲幼虫血细胞的变化进行了研究.结果表明,栗实象甲幼虫被真菌侵染后,虫体由原来的浅黄色变为白色,体壁与对照相比质软,穿刺更容易,部分虫体出现针孔大小的黑死斑点,并且活性降低;试验组的栗实象甲幼虫血细胞的数量与对照组相比,总体呈现出先升高后降低的动态变化,说明球孢白僵菌孢子悬浮液对栗实象甲幼虫具有致病性.

柳膜肩网蝽(Hegesidemus habrus Drake)是危害柳树等树木叶片的一种刺吸式害虫,近2a在山西省晋中市太谷县发生危害严重.筛选出能替代传统农药的生物控制因子,是对柳膜肩网蝽可持续控制的重要手段.选用球孢白僵菌4种菌株(FDB,JLYT,BF,TST菌株)浓度均为1×108孢子/mL的菌液对柳膜肩网蝽进行致病力试验.结果表明,菌株BF的僵虫率为84.44％,死亡率为91.11％;FDB的僵虫率为74.11％,死亡率为92.22％;JLYT的僵虫率为52.22％,死亡率为73.33％;TST的僵虫率为44.44％,死亡率为70.00％.4种菌株的LT50均在5d以内,菌株BF和FDB的LT50均在4d以内,BF的LT50为2.33d,半致死时间最短.综合僵虫率、死亡率及半致死时间,菌株BF杀灭柳膜肩网蝽的效果最好.对菌株BF的温度效应试验表明,22℃时,柳膜肩网蝽的死亡率在93.33％以上,26℃时死亡率为100％,说明喷施药物的最佳温度范围是22～26℃,增加或降低温度都会减弱侵染效率.

柳膜肩网蝽是为害柳树、杨树等树木叶片的一种刺吸式害虫.为预防该虫大面积暴发时对常见蔬菜发生转寄主为害,于2016-2017年尝试用5种天然食料柳树叶、番薯叶、结球甘蓝、芹菜和大白菜对山西省晋中市太谷县内柳树上柳膜肩网蝽进行了室内饲养,同时对4种天然食料进行营养成分测定.结果表明,芹菜叶片饲养效果最佳,存活最稳定,平均存活率最高,达到了93.33％,番薯叶的平均存活率最低,只有78.33％.通过对存活率的差异显著性分析及与5种叶片营养成分的对比发现,水分的变化趋势与存活率一致,灰分与存活率相反.推测柳膜肩网蝽选择新寄主的主要标准是寄主植物水分的含量.

Serica orientalis (Motschulsky) is an important forest defoliator of various hosts,and a serious threat to economically important species of fruit and ornamental trees,like apple,nut and winged spindle tree,etc..In order to explore economically and environmental friendly behavioral control technology,this paper studied on the repellency of S.orientalis adult homogenates among 4 different host plants [Euonymus alatus (Thunb.) Sieb,Malus pumila Mill.,Populus nigra var.thevestina (Dode) Bean,Pyrus bretschneideri Rehd.] using a Y-tube olfactometer.The results showed that there were no significant differences (P＞0.05) in response rates to different hosts between male and female adults;neither between attractant rates and repellent rates of different hosts to male and female adults.Both male and female S.orientalis displayed similar and highly significant positive tropism to Euonymus alatus,Pyrus bretschneideri and Malus pumila relative to blank controls (P＜0.01).While there were no significant differences (P＞0.05) in the attraction and repulsion of S.orientalis to these trees in pairwise comparisons.Application of S.orientalis adult homogenates on the 4 species of host plants' young branches and leaves resulted in highly significant negative taxis (P＜0.01) of S.orientalis to those young branches and leaves,and the number of adults that were nonselective for any host plant was higher than 40％.These results provided a behavioral basis for using these homogenates as repellents in agricultural and forestry production.

[目的]为了更好地了解性信息素结合蛋白(pheromone binding proteins,PBPs)在桃蛀螟Conogethes punctiferalis (Guenée)嗅觉识别过程中的作用,明确其与配体化合物的结合特性.[方法]本研究利用RT-PCR结合RACE方法克隆了桃蛀螟一个性信息素结合蛋白基因;采用Real-time PCR方法分析了该蛋白在桃蛀螟不同发育阶段及雌雄蛾间的表达差异;利用荧光竞争结合实验对Cpun-PBP1蛋白与16种配基化合物的结合特性进行了分析.[结果]克隆了一个桃蛀螟性信息素结合蛋白基因,命名为Cpun-PBP1(GenBank登录号:KP027486).Cpun-PBP1开放阅读框全长510 bp,编码169个氨基酸,预测分子量为19.12 kDa,等电点为5.09,N-末端包括由起始位置开始的30个氨基酸组成的信号肽.蛋白特征分析显示,该氨基酸序列具有昆虫气味结合蛋白的典型特征,即含有6个保守的半胱氨酸残基.Cpun-PBP1在桃蛀螟成虫阶段表达量最高,且几乎全部在触角中表达,卵期微量表达,幼虫期和蛹期均不表达.通过构建Cpun-PBP1原核表达载体,诱导并获得Cpun-PBP1重组蛋白.荧光竞争结合实验对2种性信息素组分和14种寄主植物挥发物的结合力发现,Cpun-PBP1不但能有效地与桃蛀螟性信息素组分(顺-10-十六碳烯醛和十六醛)结合,结合常数分别为7.32和9.39 μmol/L;还能与8种寄主植物挥发物有效结合;其中,与莰烯的结合能力最强,结合常数为3.76 μmol/L.[结论]根据这些结果,我们推测Cpun-PBP1在桃蛀螟感受性信息素和寄主植物挥发物的过程中发挥着双重作用.

In vitro bacteriostatic experiments using ethyl acetate extract of Tagetes eracta roots against the fungus Alternaria alternate infesting Ziziphus jujuba indicated that it had a good stability to heat.Rapid temperature ascending could activate bacteriostatic activity of ethyl acetate extract.It also possessed high photoactivity under conditions of natural light and ultraviolet ray.The bacteriostatic activity was enhanced with the increase of illumination time.Furthermore,it could keep a good antifungal activity under conditions of pH7-8,and the storage temperature should be kept below 4 ℃.

Incidence of jujube black tip disease,a new disease which is very serious for the jujube,was investigated in 7 sites with the air polluted by fluorides and one site without air pollution in Jinzhong City of Shanxi Province from May to September 2009.The fluorides content of jujube fruits,jujube leaves and atmosphere in the jujube main production areas were examined,and the correlation of fluorides content among atmosphere,jujube leaves and jujube fruits were analyzed.The goal of the study was to test if there were the correlations between fluoride content and jujube black tip disease.The results showed as follows:The longer jujube leaves and fruits exposure in the air,the higher fluorides content jujube leaves and fruits had;The top of jujube tree had more fluoride content than the middle,the middle had more than the basal,fluoride content of fruit skin was more than that of the flesh;The absorption rate and accumulation of fluoride in jujube leaves and fruits were positively correlated with the fluoride concentration in atmosphere during the jujube growing period;The fluoride content of jujube leaves and fruits was negatively correlated with the distance to pollution source;The incidence of jujube black tip disease was positively correlated with the fluoride content of jujube leaves,fruits and atmosphere.

In order to investigate the relationship between fluorine pollution and the jujube black tip disease,HF solution spray was used to induce the black tip disease.The results show that the rate of pericarp turning to red and the speed of fruit growth which by HF spray-treated are all lower than control significantly.The disease symptoms,the disease rule and the changes of symptoms about jujube black tip disease which induced by HF solution spray were consistent with what occurred under natural conditions,which further proved that fluoride pollution is the main reason to cause the jujube black tip disease.

The effects of biological conservation practice were studied in Pangquangou National Nature Reserve(111°22'-111°33'E,37°45'-37°55'N,elevation 1 600-2 831m),Shanxi Province,China from May to September in 2006 and 2007.Pitfall catches of carabid beetles from four sites,i.e.,Lusechanglang of the core zone forest(CZ),Badaogou of the buffer zone(BZ),Shenweigou of the test zone(TZFF),which is far from farmlands and Bashuigou of the test zone(TZNF),which is near to farmlands,were calculated and compared.A total of 1 731 carabids belonging to 42 species were caught.Carabid beetles were significantly more abundant,and species richness,diversity and dominance were higher in TZNF than in the other three zones.CZ had a very low number of individuals and low diversity.Based on species composition and abundance,carabid beetles from different zones were separated from each other by ordinations which was based on principal coordinate analysis(PCoA)and cluster analysis.The carabid assemblage in BZ was similar to that of CZ and TZFF,but it was strikingly different from that of TZNF.In addition,these indices were not significantly different in CZ,BZ and TZFF,but they were higher than those in TZFF.Based on the presence of the carabids in different zones,we distinguished six groups of species:1)all zones species or generalists(three species);2)core zone species(one species);3)buffer zone species(one species);4)test zone species(three species);5)core and buffer zone species(one species);6)buffer and test zones species(one species).It is inferred that the high diversity of carabid species in TZNF may be due to the edge-associated species and the presence of species from the adjacent habitats,while the low diversity of carabids in CZ due to the pressure of tourism and traffic.The biological conservation practice which relieves the pressure of human disturbance has significantly contributed to the re-establishment and maintenance of the diversity of carabid assemblages in the studied area.

在山西庞泉沟国家自然保护区华北落叶松不同林龄的人工林和天然林内,利用巴氏罐诱法,对其地表甲虫大步甲属Carabus物种进行了系统的调查,结果表明: (1)共获得大步甲属标本1290号,分属于10种,9种是该保护区的新记录种类,其中C. canaliculatus沟步甲、C. crassesculptus粗皱步甲、C. manifestus罕丽步甲、C. vladimirskyi长叶步甲为优势种,肩步甲C. hummeli、刻翅步甲C. sculptipennis、粒步甲C. granulatus为常见种. (2)不同林地物种丰富度S、多样性H′、优势度D、个体数量N存在显著差异,均匀度J不存在显著差异;S、H′、D、J在人工林25年生林地最高;N在天然林20～30年生林地最多;β多样性人工林5年生林地最高.(3) 4种优势种季节性变化总体上是沟步甲的盛发期为7月和8月份;粗皱步甲的高峰期为7月份;罕丽步甲7月、5月、9月份和6月份发生数量多,8月份稀有;长叶步甲8月份和9月份为盛发期;不同物种在不同林地出现的高峰期是不一致的.(4)物种相似性分析结果是天然林35～45a和60～80a,人工林25a和天然林5～8a极相似,其余为中等不相似和中等相似.(5)生境相似性分析的结果是天然林35～45a和60～80a相似性最高,人工林5年生与天然林20～30a、35～45a生境相似性差异逐渐增大.(6)生境指示种分析的结果是粗皱步甲、罕丽步甲为广布种,肩步甲仅在天然林35～45a和60～80a生的林地采集到,其中在天然林35～45a林地生境物种指示值高达96.73.

178 species,belonging to 163 genera,73 families and 12 orders,are recorded in monoculture jujube with weeds.88 species of insects,belonging to 79 genus,50 families and 12 orders,are recorded in monoculture jujube yard without weeds.The distribution law of species in monoculture jujube yard with weeds monoculture jujube yard without weeds.The arranges of superiority orders,by number of families,genus,were different at two types jujube orchard.The dominant proportions,with single specie and few species,with single genus and few genera were similar at two types jujube orchard.

The diversity of ground beetles were investigated in the plantations(5,25 and 40 years old) and natural forests(5～8,20～30,35～45 and 60～80 years old) of Larix principis-rupprechtii in Pangquangou National Nature Reserve(111°22′—111°33′E,37°45′—37°55′N),Shanxi,China from May to September in 2006 and 2007.A total of(3 104) beetles were collected from the field with pitfall traps.These beetles were identified as belonging to 19 families,among which Carabidae accounted for 30.48%,Staphylinidae 26.97%,Nitidulidae 19.23% of the total,respectively.These three families were dominant groups in the study area because of each more than 10% of the total,respectively.Curculionidae accounted for 9.73%,Elateridae 5.9%,Chrysomelidae 2.41% and Scarabaeidae 1.03% of the total.These four families were common groups in the study area because of each accounted for 1%～10% of the total.Family richness and diversity were higher in natural forest of 5～8 years old and the plantation of 5 years old,while family richness and diversity were lower in natural forest of 20～30 years old,35～45 years old and the plantation of 25 years old.Family evenness was similar in all seven plots.The numbers of individuals(N) was the highest the plantation of 5 years old and was the lowest in the natural forest of 5～8 years old.The habitat of L.principis-rupprechtii natural forest was similar to the same age plantation except younger ones,of which the plantation of 5 years old and the natural forest of 5～8 years old had significantlly difference from ones in other habitat.Family richness,diversity and individuals were higher in July than other months and evenness were not significantly different in season changes.

The beetle communities in farmlands(elevation 1 600~1 640m)around Pangquangou National Nature Reserve(111°22'~111°33'E,37°45'~37°55'N) in Shanxi were investigated from June to August in 2006.The beetles belonged to 13 families and 1980 specinens were collected.The most dominant families were Carabidae,which covered 74.04% of total specinens.The function groups of the dominant beetles in the farmlands and effects of the cultivation modes were analyzed.The key factors were artificial disturbances and farming modes.

在枣园采用覆盖渗水地膜和普通地膜以及喷施功夫与阿维菌素来控制枣园害虫,可有效地阻止或杀死了入土或出土的害虫。渗水地膜比普通地膜的控制效果显著;两层渗水地膜中间喷药效果较好;使用阿维菌素的效果较好。

The carabus beetles species in Pangquangou National Nature Reserve were surveyed from June to August in the years of 2005 to 2006.In total,10 genus and 23 species were recorded of all collected.Chlaenius pallipes Gebler took 29.33% and Pterostichus gebleri Dejean19.21%,Pterostichus chinensis Jedliěka14.97%,they were considered as the most abundant species in this region.Carabus crassesculptus Kraatz,Carabus manifestus Kraatz each accounted for 5%~6% of total species,they were the commonly occurred in this region.The similar level and species number of carabus beetles species in this region were checked against that in Dongling mountain.Their dominant species were the same,the special local species were very different.The analyses of region similar level were middle different.

The activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) ,peroxidase(POD) and catalase(CAT) in 3~(th) instar Chihuo zao were tested with conventional biochemical method after photo and dark reactivation treated by the chloroform extracts(TPC)which was obtained by sohxlet method from the root of Tateges erecta. The results showed :In the dark,the activities of POD,and CAT in treated group were obviously significant higher than those in contrasting group;In the light,the activities of SOD,POD,and CAT could be inhibited by TPC,after larvae had been exposed to photo lights radiation for 1 h. The more longer of the photo lights radiation,the more stronger of the inhibition. The results indicated that TPC possessed high photo-activity.

Author collected and collated insect specimen of jujube pests in Taigu Shanxi. The harm of jujube pests was divided into 3 stages,i.e. rest period, sprout leaves and blossom period,young fruit developing and riping period and an insect growing stage identification form was prepared. The jujube pests in rest period was divided into 2 kinds living through wintering in soil or on trees. The keys that how to judge primary jujube pests by key in Taigu county,Shanxi Province include larva,adult and pupa.

于1997～1998年研究了华北落叶松鞘蛾 Coleophora siensis Yang的发育进度,其中包括生活史、成虫羽化进度、幼虫化蛹进度、幼虫发育的4个龄期确定等.同时研究了虫口密度与华北落叶松林 Larix principis-rupprechtii Mary受害等级的关系,制定出该虫防治的虫口密度指标.

本文报道了枣尺蠖(Chihuo zao Yang)核多角体病毒(CzNPV)活性的生物测定结果及在山西太谷枣树林间防治枣尺蠖的试验效果.以不同浓度该病毒悬液浸渍鲜枣树叶,饲喂感染3龄初枣尺蠖幼虫,病毒浓度对数值与死亡机率的回归直线方程为=0.231+0.859x;LC50及95%的置信限分别为3.65×105及4.04×104～3.13×106PIBs/mL.以2.5×105、1.25×106、2.5×106、1.25×107和2.5×107PIBs/mL 5种浓度病毒感染3龄初幼虫,其LT50值分别为10.01、9.57、9.08、7.94和7.49d.同一浓度病毒(2.5×106 PIBs/mL)对不同虫龄感染力不同.幼虫死亡率随虫龄增大而降低,从2龄的96.7%降低到4龄的30.0%;LT50值随着虫龄增大而增大,从2龄的5.97d增加到4龄的12.57d.在山西太谷枣林枣尺蠖幼虫2龄、3龄占85%时喷洒浓度为2.5×107PIBs/mL的病毒悬液,虫口减退率高,成本较低,可在生产上推广应用.