The analysis was conducted of 14,578 patients vaccinated against coronavirus infection in Krasnoyarsk and Zelenogorsk. As a result of the study, the effectiveness of vaccination against the SARS-Cov-2 coronavirus was proven. It was found that of all vaccinated people, 49.5% did not get sick with COVID, and the majority of vaccinated patients had a mild course of the disease. Mortality in the study group from a new coronavirus infection was 3.9% in Krasnoyarsk, 2.9% in Zelenogorsk (p = 0.0005). The median age of patients who died from a new coronavirus infection in Krasnoyarsk was 68.0 [61.0; 72.5] years, among women 68.5 [61.5; 77.0] and in Zelenogorsk among men 72.5 [62.0; 83.0] years, among women 78.0 [71.0; 83.0] years.Among patients with severe and extremely severe severity, 24 patients were vaccinated, which accounted for 7.9% of all patients with severe and extremely severe severity. Among the deceased patients, 21 (7.8%) patients were vaccinated. In 18 (6.8%) patients who died, infection with a new coronavirus infection occurred within 10 days from the date of vaccination.

This brief review presents Russian and foreign models of acute myocardial infarction (AMI), which are used to gain new knowledge about the pathophysiology of the development of this disease, as well as to search for sensitive and specific biomarkers of AMI and associated pathologies, including vascular cognitive disorders. However, modeling vascular cognitive disorders associated with AMI is a challenging task. Re-searchers need to take into account the additive effect of ischemia of striated muscles (myocardium or skeletal muscles) and central anesthetics during the simulation of AMI in experimental animals.

Aim. To assess awareness of blood pressure (BP) level, adherence to therapy and achievement of target BP in residents of Russian regions as part of the 2023 hypertension (HTN) screening campaign. Material and methods. During May 2023, 4613 participants from 23 cities of Russia took part in the screening. Participation was voluntary without restrictions on sex. All patients aged over 18 years. During screening, BP and pulse were measured three times using automatic or mechanical BP monitors, and a questionnaire about behavioral risk factors, concomitant diseases and therapy was filled out. HTN was diagnosed with systolic BP ≥140 mm Hg and/or diastolic BP ≥90 mm Hg and/or taking antihypertensive therapy (AHT). Results. The analysis included data from 4585 respondents aged 18 to 95 years with an average age of 45 [28;59] years, of which 1729 were men (37,7%). The proportion of hypertensive patients was 49,6%. Among them, 62,8% took AHT and achieved target BP in 76,6% and 45,7% with the target BP criterion <140/90 mm Hg and <130/80 mm Hg, respectively. Most patients took dual AHT (37,4%), while monotherapy and triple therapy was registered in 27,5% and 23,4%, respectively. Initiation of therapy was performed with combination AHT in 43,7% of patients with HTN and 41,4% are currently using fixed-dose combination therapy. On-demand therapy was the most common reason for skipping medications and was more common in women, while men more often cited the high drug cost and a history of adverse reactions. Among patients with HTN, home BP measurement was associated with a higher prevalence of achieving target BP as follows: 1000 (60%) vs 100 (17%), p<0,001. Conclusion. The data obtained indicate, on the one hand, a continuing insufficient level of awareness about high BP and the use of antihypertensive drugs among the population, but there is a tendency to improve the effectiveness of the treatment of hypertension, including the use of fixed-dose combinations of antihypertensive drugs.

Antidepressants (ADs) include drugs of various pharmacological groups, which are mainly used for the treatment of mental disorders (major depressive disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder, social phobia, panic disorder, generalized anxiety disorder, post-traumatic stress disorder), chronic pain and addiction diseases. Chronic use of ADs can lead to the development of cardiotoxic adverse drug reactions (ADRs). The most important cardiotoxic AD-induced ADRs are prolongation of the QT interval, ventricular tachycardia of the "pirouette" type (Torsades de Pointes - TdP). This narrative review analyzes and summarizes the results of studies on pharmacokinecis and pharmacogenetics of ADs on QT interval prolongation and updates physicians' knowledge of the risk of developing AD-induced TdP in patients with psychiatric disorders.

The analysis was conducted of 14,578 patients vaccinated against coronavirus infection in Krasnoyarsk and Zelenogorsk. As a result of the study, the effectiveness of vaccination against the SARS-Cov-2 coronavirus was proven. It was found that of all vaccinated people, 49.5% did not get sick with COVID, and the majority of vaccinated patients had a mild course of the disease. Mortality in the study group from a new coronavirus infection was 3.9% in Krasnoyarsk, 2.9% in Zelenogorsk (p = 0.0005). The median age of patients who died from a new coronavirus infection in Krasnoyarsk was 68.0 [61.0; 72.5] years, among women 68.5 [61.5; 77.0] and in Zelenogorsk among men 72.5 [62.0; 83.0] years, among women 78.0 [71.0; 83.0] years. Among patients with severe and extremely severe severity, 24 patients were vaccinated, which accounted for 7.9% of all patients with severe and extremely severe severity. Among the deceased patients, 21 (7.8%) patients were vaccinated. In 18 (6.8%) patients who died, infection with a new coronavirus infection occurred within 10 days from the date of vaccination.

The aim was to compare the relationship between the severity of depression symptoms among the unorganized population of Krasnoyarsk in 2006 and 2012 with respect to socioeconomic and demographic factors; and to compare their prevalence for the analyzed period.Materials and methods. Two sample groups were selected from the unorganized population that resided permanently in the territory of Krasnoyarsk in 2006 and 2012. Evaluation of the severity of depression in both cases was carried out according to the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, Depression subscale (HADS-D). Results. In both sample groups, the frequency of depression was associated with age. In 2012, social and economic factors of depression were revealed: lack of higher education, widowhood, unemployment and family poverty. A significant decrease in the frequency of increased (39.1% vs 16.4%) and clinical depression (14.6% vs 4.5%) was found for the period from 2006 to 2012. Conclusions. In 2012, the frequency of the above-normal depression level according to HADS-D in working age population was largely determined by the influence of socioeconomic factors. A decrease in the frequency of increased and clinical levels of depression among the adult population of Krasnoyarsk over the period from 2006 to 2012 was established.

РАСПРОСТРАНЕННОСТЬ ТРЕВОЖНЫХ РАССТРОЙСТВ В ОБЩЕМЕДИЦИНСКОЙ СЕТИ И ИХ СВЯЗЬ С СЕРДЕЧНО-СОСУДИСТЫМИ ЗАБОЛЕВАНИЯМИР. Д. Песковец, С. Ю

Objective. To estimate the prevalence, awareness, treatment and control of arterial hypertension (HTN) among adult inhabitants of Krasnoyarsky territory based on the data from Russian multicenter epidemiological study ESSE-RF. Design and methods. The study included 1603 subjects 25 to 64 years old selected by the systemic multistage stratified randomization among urban and rural inhabitants of Krasnoyarsky territory. Office blood pressure (BP) was measured twice by the automatic tonometer “Omron” on the right hand in the sitting position. HTN was defined as systolic BP ≥ 140 mm Hg and/or diastolic BP ≥ 90 mm Hg or self-reported previously elevated BP or use of antihypertensive treatment (HTNT). Treatment efficacy was defined as proportion of achieved target BP among individuals who received HTNT, and BP control was assessed as proportion of achieved target BP level among all hypertensives. Results. The gender distribution was 653 males (40,7%) and 951 females (58,3%). The median level of systolic BP was 133,4 ± 0,5 mm Hg, diastolic BP— 82,9 ± 0,3 mm Hg. The median prevalence of HTN was estimated at 49,4% and appeared to be higher as compared with average Russian parameter 44% (based on the date of 10 regions from the ESSE-RF study). The median prevalence of HTN was estimated at 56,3% in men and 43,7% in women. The HTN prevalence in rural community was significantly higher as compared with urban community (63,4 ± 2,4 vs. 44,2 ± 1,5%, p < 0,01). The median rate of HTN awareness in Krasnoyarsky territory was 77,9% (average rate in Russia based on the ESSE-RF study results was 73,1%). The median rates of HTNT, treatment efficacy and BP control in Krasnoyarsky territory was estimated at 59,5%, 31,6% and 18,8%, respectively. Target BP level was achieved significantly more often among female, than male hypertensives, except those aged 25–34 years. Conclusions. Thus, estimated prevalence of HTN in Krasnoyarsky territory is higher than average Russian indices based on the data of ESSE-RF study from 10 regions. The median HTN prevalence among men is higher than in women. The rural inhabitants are more likely to have HTN compared with urban inhabitants. Despite high rates of HTN awareness and HTNT, the treatment efficiency in Krasnoyarsky territory appeared to be lower as compared with average Russian ESSE-RF indices.

Life quality (LQ) is an integrated parameter of the health, applied for integral characterization of population health, and as the parameter of healthcare interventions effectiveness.Aim. To assess LQ in Russian population at the age 25-64 y. o. in general and in various socio-economical groups using EQ-5D, by the results of ESSE-RF (2012-2013) study.Material and methods. LQ was assessed on representative selections of inhabitants of 13 Russian Federation regions, aged 25-64 (males 8327, females 13497) with response 80%. LQ was assessed via international questionnaire EUROQOL — EQ-5D: 1) no decline; 2) mild decline; 3) significant decline; scoring also performed with visualanalogue scale (VAS). Integral LQ by EUROQOL performed with Shaw JW et al. method (ranging from 0,0 (death) to 1,0 (perfect health)).Result. EQ-5D index of Russian population was 0,87 with no gender difference. By the increase of the age LQ declines. Educational gradient of LQ was significant only in VAS (p<0,05). Wealth level negatively associated with LQ. Most common (p<0,0005) were disorders by the components pain/discomfort and anxiety/depression. Part of those with lower LQ among males is lesser than in females, by all 5 factors of the LQ, and in all educational states. Regional specifics of LQ by EQ-5D index: from 0,82 in Vladikcaucas to 0,95 in Orenburg (p<0,0005). There was significant correlation of EQ-5D index with unemployment level (0,4) and consumer prices index (0,29) in regions.Conclusion. Monitoring of LQ is necessary condition for assessment of efficacy of population health improvement interventions, and the LQ values obtained will be useful as populational norms for health condition assessment in addition to morbidity and mortality factors.

Aim. To assess rate of familiarity and specifics of treatment with statins among the citizens of economically active age with various cardiovascular risk by the data from epidemiological study ESSE-RF (Epidemiology of Cardiovascular Diseases in Different Russian Federation Regions). Material and methods. In the work the data from ESSE-RF study was used, of representative selection of non-organized male and female inhabitants aged 25-64 y.o. from 13 regions, investigated during 2012-2014. Responded ~80%. The study included questionning by standard scale that included data on the anamnesis, etc. Lipid profile, including total cholesterol (TC), cholesterol of lipoproteids low and high density were measured at SSRCPM and RSPCC.Results. Analysis of the whole selection showed that 20% of men and 32% of women knew their TC, and 13,6% and 18,2% were even familiar having increased level of TC. Part of those with high and very high risk was 31,3%, incl. men — 42,2%, women — 30,9%. Statins took ~7,0% of patients from this risk category. Effectiveness of treatment (target levels reached of low density cholesterol) in these groups of men and women was 14,4% and 4,8%, respectively.Conclusion. The data obtained in populational study points on insufficient knowledge and low rate of statin treatment of the persons with high and very high cardiovascular risk in RF, which confirms the anxiety provoking data of registries and other studies. The data dictates necessity of development and implementation of specific educational programs for citizens, of physician improvement and availability of cheap but effective lipid-lowering medications.

Aim. To study the prevalence of ischemic heart disease as one of the most common cardiovascular disorders, together with arterial hypertension (AH), diabetes mellitus (DM) and liver diseases (LD) in adult (25-64 y.o.) population of selected RF regions, the variance of those with gender and age, and association of cardiovascular risk factors (FR).Material and methods. Into analysis we included the results of representative selections studies from 13 RF regions, studied according to the program of multicenter study ESSE-RF during the years 2012­2014; totally 21923 patients studied. Investigation included standard questioning, including anamnesis. For statistics we used applied software SAS.Results. In men the prevalence of IHD is associated with the growth of comorbidity from 0 in the age group 25-34 y. to 77% in the age 55-64 y., almost duplicating every decade. For women there is analogic tendency, less prominent. In men there are significant associations only with AH, which increases the risk of IHD 2,5 times, though in women together with AH the associations are significant for LD. Comorbidities with DM do not influence the prevalence of IHD in men and women. At the same time, any association with two diseases increases the risk of IHD >304 times. The most negative is the association of all three diseases, with which IHD is 8,7 times more prevalent, than in their absence. Using multidimensional logistic regression after correction for the age and comorbidity in the patients with IHD of both genders, there are associations revealed of high density cholesterol lipoproteids (HDL) in blood and abdominal obesity. In men there are also positive associations with smoking and negative — with increased cholesterol.Conclusion. Comorbidities of IHD with AH, DM and LD in adult population are common, are associated with the general FR, are increasing with the age. Taking modern tendencies of population ageing, it is plausible to expect an increase of the prevalence of comorbidities, that requires a necessity of the healthcare services to these changes.

Aim. To study social and economic gradients — educational and occupational statuses, wealth level, behavioral risk factors (FR) in Russian population by the ESSE-RF data.Material and methods. The data for the analysis consisted of representative selections of 13 regions of RF (n=22906) participants of the study, incl. men (n=8353) and women (n=13553) of 25-64 y.o., with response 80%. We calculated the odds ratios for the presence of behavioral FR: smoking, excessive alcohol consumption, insufficient physical activity (IPA), nonrational food consumption, anxiety and depressive disorders, — in persons from different social and economic groups by education level, type of inhabitation, professional status, wealth level.Results. Higher education was associated with better FR profile, except IPA (negative association) and alcohol consumption (absence of association). "White in general had less FR probability than Blue, excl. IPA and psychoemotional deviations (in men). As for the wealth association with the FR there is backward gradient, i.e. lesser the income, higher the risk of FR presence, excl. IPA and excessive alcohol intake in women. For example, in very wealthy men the odds ratio for depressive states was 3,09 [95% CI 2,08-4,57] comparing to the persons with low income. The type of territory of inhabitance was associated with less behavioral FR in Russian population, as significant associations are found only for depression and excessive salt consumption in both genders and IPA in men. Conclusion. The significant social and economic gradients of behavioral FR prevalence are found, the direction of those is not necessary the same as in European countries. The analysis of association with social and economic parameters would help to develop the directed preventive interventions.

The article in comparative aspect presents results of rating of psychological profile of 142 patients (all are men, average age 46,5±0,35 years) with arterial hypertension of stage I–III with high risk of cardiovascular complications having been studied after 6 months of dynamic observation against the background of conducted antihypertensive therapy with inhibitors of angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE).