A new modification of the universal experimental setup for measuring electrodynamic characteristics of microwave generators with open resonance structures of the orotron-diffraction-radiation-generator type is described. To expand the functional capabilities and the electronic frequency-tuning range, an additional periodic metal-dielectric structure is introduced into the open resonator. The experimental results of investigations of the energy, volt-ampere, and frequency characteristics of the modified diffraction-radiation generator prototype are compared to the characteristics of the generator without a metal-dielectric structure.

The experimental installation for automatized measurement of characteristics in the vacuum generators of microwave frequencies with open resonators is described. The unit efficiency was tested by comparison of experimental results obtained in automatic and manual modes of measurements in the model of generators for the four millimeter range of wavelengths.

The results of modeling transformation of surface waves of a dielectric waveguide into spatial waves on different modifications of the double-row periodic structures are presented. Possibility of effective radiated power control of harmonics and selection of oscillations for the investigated structures is shown.

The article describes the experimental equipment and the results of investigations of nonlinear processes occurring during the excitation of electromagnetic oscillations in the resonant electron beam devices such as an orotron-generator of diffraction radiation. These devices are finding wide application in physics and microwave technology, now. A technique for experimental research, which bases on the using of the universal electro vacuum equipment diffraction radiation analyzer and the microprocessor system for collecting and processing data. The experimental investigations results of the energy and frequency characteristics for the most common modes of the excitation oscillations in the open resonant systems such as an orotron. The implementations on the optimum modes for the oscillations excitation in such devices were recommended.

The results of experimental modeling of the open electrodynamic system based on periodical metal-dielectric structures are presented. It allows determining basic physical properties of the radiation energy characteristics of the periodical metal-dielectric structures with the agreed-upon ends and semi-infinite dielectric medium. The quantitative analysis of the influence of the higher harmonics on the main harmonics was carried out. It allows giving practical recommendations concerning use of the systems based on periodical metal-dielectric structures in EHF electronics.

By comparative analysis of the approximate dispersion equations of model amplifier on the Smith-Purcell effect the degree of influence of transverse electronic waves on the energy exchange processes of electrons with the field of open waveguide was determined.Reference 5, figures 3.

This paper describes the results of the experimental research of the nonrelativistic sheet electron beam passing though the metal-dielectric channel which is formed with metal and metal-dielectric structures.

This paper describes the methodology for identification of modeling regimes for Cherenkov and diffraction radiation. The modeling regimes are realized using methodology and tested using a millimeter wave experimental setup. The measured data is then compared with the results obtained from numerical experiments. The practical aspects of fabrication and implementation of metal-dielectric structures in low voltage vacuum devices is discussed in the last section of the paper.

Among the open structures, which are used in millimeter and submillimeter (MSM) wave en‐ gineering, diffraction gratings (DG) made in different modifications (periodic metal and met‐ al-dielectric structures (MDS)) are of primary importance along with open cavities and open waveguides. Such systems are basic in the design of electromagnetic oscillation sources and electronic components of different instrumentation of such wavelength range. If there is a dif‐ fraction of electromagnetic fields by DG, “two-act” wave transformation usually takes place. When homogeneous plane wave falls on the plane one-dimensionally periodic grating, scat‐ tered field can be considered as a spectrum of homoand heterogeneous plane waves. In this case body (incident) plane wave is transformed into body (scattered) homogeneous plane and heterogeneous (surface) waves and, thus, “two-act” transformation occurs. This type of the boundary-value problems has been thoroughly studied in the work [1] and partly realized in the experiment [2]. In addition, processes of surface wave transformation of distributed sour‐ ces into body waves by periodic heterogeneities are of special interest. Such phenomenon can be watched when an electron beam (EB) moves uniformly near the metal DG or periodic MDS. In this case self-surface field of the EB is scattered by DG and at least one of its harmonics is transformed into body wave of the diffraction radiation or Cherenkov radiation. It should be noted, that transformation of the surface wave of EB by DG into the diffraction radiation is also an example of the “two-act” diffraction process. In addition, phenomena, connected with the transformation of DG of the surface waves of a dielectric waveguide (DW), play a great role in

Circuits and principle of operation of quasioptical power dividers based on two-row periodic structures, formed by grids of metal bars and a dielectric waveguide placed along their longitudinal axis, are described. The experimental studies of power divider prototypes in a frequency range of 60–80 GHz have shown a possibility of regulating the emitted power level in the main divider arm by changing longitudinal and angular coordinates of the two-row periodic structure, which can be used for designing quasioptical attenuators.

A brief analysis of electrodynamic characteristics of two-mirror open waveguides with periodic irregularities of different geometry has been presented. It was established that plane-parallel quasi-optical systems were characterized by big losses caused by energy radiation into the ambient space. These losses can be reduced by using the phase correction of mirrors and by introducing metal-dielectric structures into their volume. Recommendations are provided on the use of the specified type of open waveguides in practical circuits of electronic and microwave devices.

The electrodynamic characteristics of modifications of a two-mirror open waveguide (OW) with periodical irregularities were analyzed. The recommendations of implementation of such open waveguides in existent devices were given.

The schemes and principles of operation of a quasi-optical power splitter on the base of two-row periodic structures, which are formed by metal rectangular section bar gratings, are described.

The experimental equipment and the general method of modeling of electromagnetic wave processes in multicoupled quasi-optical systems are described. Examples of choosing the optimum modes of modeling and basic parameters of the investigated electrodynamic systems are shown. The functional diagram of the experimental plant is also described. The general method of modeling of electromagnetic phenomena in resonant and wave-guide multicoupled quasi-optical systems is presented for the first time.

The experimental plant and the general method of modeling of electromagnetic wave processes in multicoupled quasi-optical systems are described. Examples of choosing the optimum regimes of modeling and basic parameters of the investigated electrodynamic systems are shown. The functional scheme of the experimental plant is also described. The general method of modeling of electromagnetic phenomena in resonant and wave-guide multicoupled quasi-optical systems is presented for the first time.

An experimental setup and procedure for measuring electrodynamic characteristics of planar periodic metal-dielectric structures, which can be used for manufacturing practical equipment operating in millimeter, submillimeter, and terahertz wavelength ranges. Serviceability of the setup is checked by comparing the waveguide and spatial characteristics obtained experimentally and by numerical methods in a 4-mm wavelength range.

The degree of influence of the transversal electronic waves on the process of energy exchange of electrons with the field of open waveguide is defined by means of comparative analysis of approximate dispersion equation of the amplifier model on the Smith-Parcel effect.

Application of focused beams of medium energy light ions, electrons and low energy heavy ions is considered for the technology of manufacturing of small-dimension components. Physical principles applied as the basis for interaction of the above beams with resistive materials are described. The proton beam lithography is considered as a new technology possessing high potential capabilities for various applications like micro-optics and nanoelectronics of terahertz wave band.

The general method of experimental modeling of Cherenkov and diffraction radiations on the periodic structures is presented. The scheme of an experimental setting for millimeter range is realized and results of test measurements are obtained.