Often under the guise of «ordinary» Rickets are more severe kidney diseases, developing as a result of inherited or acquired, primary or secondary defects in the renal tubules. Incorrect diagnosis leads to an inadequate therapy, rapid progression of disease and renal failure. The article describes the main approaches to the diagnosis and treatment of disorders of tubular rachitis similar syndrome, presents a number of clinical cases in author's practice. Key words: tubulopathy, acidosis, electrolyte disorders, rickets, rickets-like syndrome, diagnostics, treatment, children.

Pericarditis is relatively widespread inflammatory disease of pericardium. Symptoms of this disease was described already in the beginning of XIXth century, but it's clinical diagnostics in patient's lifetime is difficult up to now. Majority of acute pericardites have favorableclinical course, but some of them have complications (cardiac tamponade and constrictive pericarditis), which are potentially lethal.Development of noninvasive radiation methods of heart visualization technologies improved diagnostics of pericarditis in last years.Besides, achievements of immunology, virology and microbiology allowed widening of data of etiology and pathogenesis of pericardialdiseases. Present lecture gives modern data of etiology, classification, clinical signs, diagnostics and treatment of pericarditis.The description of separate specific types of pericardites is given.Key words: children, pericarditis.