A murcha-de-ceratocystis é uma doença sistêmica cujos sintomas observados em plantas e frutos de kiwizeiros são: amarelecimento foliar e murcha e seca de ramos. Essa doença tem dizimado os pomares de kiwi na região da Serra Gaúcha. As plantas infectadas reduzem a produção e os frutos perdem tamanho, tonando-os impróprios para a comercialização. O presente estudo visou avaliar e selecionar híbridos de kiwizeiros quanto à resistência à murcha-de-ceratocystis em diferentes populações de kiwizeiros. A inoculação do patógeno foi realizada empregando mudas de kiwizeiros, correspondente a sete populações compostas de híbridos de meio-irmãos de kiwi. As populações foram geradas a partir de cruzamentos livres com os genitores Bruno, Elmwood, Farroupilha, Golden King, Hayward, MG 06 e Yellow Queen. Os resultados mostraram que as populações de kiwizeiros foram majoritariamente suscetíveis a Ceratocystis fimbriata, embora também haja indivíduos com fenótipo resistente, em menor proporção. Indivíduos da população de Hayward e Yellow Queen apresentaram maior resistência à Ceratocystis fimbriata. Em contrapartida, indivíduos da população de Golden King mostraram-se menos resistentes ao fungo. Este trabalho indica haver potencial de resistência à Ceratocystis fimbriata entre os materiais de kiwizeiros, para avanços do programa de melhoramento genético visando à identificação de fontes de resistência à mucha-de-ceratocystis em kiwi. Palavras-chave: Actinidia sp; melhoramento genético; murcha-de-ceratocystis. Abstract Early genotypes selection aiming to identify sources of resistance to Ceratocystis fimbriata in kiwi trees Ceratocystis wilt is a systemic disease, whose symptoms observed in plants and fruits of kiwi trees are: yellowing of the leaves and wilting and drying of branches. This disease has wiped out kiwi orchards in the Serra Gaúcha region. Infected plants reduce production and fruits lose size, making them unfit for commercialization. The present study aimed to evaluate and select hybrids of kiwi trees for resistance to ceratocystis wilt in different populations. Inoculation of the pathogen was carried out using kiwi seedlings, resulting in seven populations composed of kiwi half-brothers’ hybrids. The populations were generated from free crosses with the following parents: Bruno, Elmwood, Farroupilha, Golden King, Hayward, MG 06 and Yellow Queen. The results showed that kiwi populations were mostly susceptible to Ceratocystis fimbriata, although there are also individuals with resistant phenotype, however in a lesser proportion. Individuals of the population of Hayward and Yellow Queen showed greater resistance to Ceratocystis fimbriata. In contrast, individuals of the Golden King population were less resistant to Ceratocystis fimbriata. This study indicates that there is potential for resistance to Ceratocystis fimbriata among genotypes of kiwi trees, for advances in the genetic improvement program aiming at the identification of sources of resistance to ceratocystis wilt in kiwi. Keywords: Actinidia sp; genetic improvement; ceratocystis wilt. Resumen Selección temprana de genotipos para identificar fuentes de resistencia al marchitamiento por Ceratocystis fimbriata en kiwis El marchitamiento por Ceratocystis es una enfermedad sistémica cuyos síntomas observados en las plantas y frutos del kiwi son: amarillamiento de las hojas, marchitez y sequedad de las ramas. Esta enfermedad ha diezmado los huertos de kiwis en la región de Serra Gaúcha. Las plantas infectadas reducen la producción y los frutos pierden tamaño, lo que los hace inadecuados para la comercialización. El presente estudio tuvo como objetivo evaluar y seleccionar híbridos de kiwi por resistencia al marchitamiento por Ceratocystis en diferentes poblaciones de kiwi. La inoculación de patógenos se realizó utilizando plántulas de kiwi, correspondientes a siete poblaciones compuestas por híbridos de medio hermano de kiwi. Las poblaciones se generaron a partir de cruces libres con genitores Bruno, Elmwood, Farroupilha, Golden King, Hayward, MG 06 e Yellow Queen. Los resultados mostraron que las poblaciones de kiwis eran mayoritariamente susceptibles a Ceratocystis fimbriata, aunque también hay individuos con fenotipo resistente, en menor proporción. Los individuos de la población de Hayward e Yellow Queen mostraron mayor resistencia a Ceratocystis fimbriata. Por el contrario, los individuos de la población de Golden King fueron menos resistentes al hongo. Este trabajo indica que existe potencial de resistencia a Ceratocystis fimbriata entre los materiales de kiwi, por avances en el programa de mejoramiento genético con el objetivo de identificar fuentes de resistencia al marchitamiento por Ceratocystis en kiwis. Palabras clave: Actinidia sp; mejoramiento genético; marchitamiento por ceratocystis.

This study aimed to evaluate clones of ‘Riesling Itálico’, ‘Chardonnay’, ‘Merlot’ and ‘Cabernet Franc’ grapevines that best adapt to the edaphoclimatic conditions in Veranópolis, RS. The experiment was carried out at the State Center for Diagnosis and Research in Fruticulture - DDPA/SEAPDR. Three 'Riesling Itálico' clones (ISV-1, RI12V23, VCR-365), four 'Chardonnay' clones (INRA-95, INRA-132, INRA-548, VCR-6), four 'Merlot' clones (INRA-181, INRA-347, VCR-13, VCR-494) and seven 'Cabernet Franc' clones (INRA-212, INRA-214, ISV-8, ISV-101, VCR-2, VCR- 4, VCR-10) were evaluated. The experimental design was randomized blocks, with 4 replications and 10 plants per plot. The clones were evaluated in the 2020/2021 cycle for phenology (budburst and maturation dates), production (kg/plant, ton/ha weight/bunch) and fruit quality (soluble solids-SS, titratable acidity-AT, pH). The results showed the potentiality of the clone RI12V23 for 'Riesling Itálico', INRA-132 for 'Chardonnay', VCR-13 for 'Merlot' and VCR-10 for 'Cabernet Franc'. The 'Riesling Itálico' and 'Chardonnay' clones showed greater production precocity than the 'Merlot' and 'Cabernet Franc' clones.

Canonical correlation analysis allows conclusions to be drawn about the occurrence and magnitude of associations between two groups of characteristics. This study estimated the magnitude of association and interdependence between two trait groups of clones of two varieties of Vitis vinifera grapes. The study was based on the mean data of eight characteristics from two experiments to test the performance of these clones: the first experiment provided data from seven clones of Cabernet Sauvignon, which evaluated in the northern San Joaquin Valley, California, United States, and the second data set was from six clones of the Chardonnay variety, which were evaluated in the Napa Valley, California, United States. The canonical correlations among the two varieties were significant, indicating that the two groups of characteristics were related or not independent. The quality and quantity of the raw material required for fine-wine production were inversely proportional and specific to each variety. For Cabernet Sauvignon, the high number of berries per bunch and high number of bunches per plant resulted in fruits with a high °Brix level and increased pH. For Chardonnay, the increase in the bunch weight and number of berries decreased the fruit pH.

BRS 404 is a new wheat cultivar developed by Embrapa, indicated for rainfed conditions. It has a particularly good performance under heat and drought conditions. The grain yield is stable and BRS 404 is classified as bread wheat.

Repeated blocks in the TaALMT1 promoter as well as a transposon insertion in the TaMATE1B upstream region have been correlated with the level of gene expression, organic acid efflux, and ultimately aluminum (Al 3+ ) resistance in wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.). In this study, we investigated the allelic polymorphism related to the TaALMT1 and TaMATE1B promoter regions in 300 Brazilian wheat genotypes and the correlation of that variation with root growth on acid soil. In addition, SSR markers were used to determine the genetic variability of the genotypes. Seven TaALMT1 promoter alleles (Types I–VII) were detected based on size of PCR products. The most common alleles were Type V and Type VI (71.3 and 11.9 %, respectively), and these are generally associated with higher levels of TaALMT1 expression and Al 3+ resistance. The promoter alleles Type I and Type II, which are usually associated with Al 3+ sensitivity, were detected in 12.2 % of the genotypes. The insertion in the TaMATE1B promoter, associated with greater Al 3+ resistance, was identified in 80 genotypes. Combination among the alleles allowed the separation in 12 haplotypes were 68 genotypes presented the TaALMT1 promoters Type V and Type VI along with the transposon insertion in the TaMATE1B promoter. However, the most represented haplotype was Type V without the insertion (176 genotypes). Short-term soil experiment, performed in 33 genotypes representing the 12 haplotypes, revealed that the higher relative root length was observed in some genotypes presenting TaALMT1 promoters Type V or Type VI and the transposon insertion in the TaMATE1B promoter. Moreover, when comparing genotypes inside the same haplotype, the transposon insertion was significantly advantageous for a few materials. However, the majority the genotypes presenting the insertion in the TaMATE1B promoter did not outperform the genotypes without the insertion but showing the same TaALMT1 promoter. Analysis using SSR markers, with an average PIC of 0.60, showed high genetic diversity among the genotypes belonging to different haplotypes. The alleles and the genetically diverse genotypes reported here should be considered for wheat-breeding programs aiming increments in wheat Al 3+ resistance.

RESUMO:O presente trabalho teve por objetivo obter estimativas dos coeficientes de repetibilidade (r), determinação ou grau de previsibilidade (R2) de características de clones de variedades de uvas viníferas e determinar o número de medições necessárias, capaz de proporcionar níveis de certeza (80, 90 e 95%) da predição do valor real dos indivíduos para cada caráter. O trabalho foi realizado a partir de dados médios de oito características, provenientes de dois experimentos sobre o comportamento de clones de duas variedades viníferas, avaliados entre os anos de 1989 e 1992. Com base nas médias de cada colheita dos dois experimentos, obtiveram-se as estimativas do coeficiente de repetibilidade () e o coeficiente de determinação ou grau de previsibilidade (R2) de todas as características avaliadas. Na estimação do coeficiente de repetibilidade, foi utilizado o método da análise de variância. As estimativas dos coeficientes de repetibilidade obtidas para as duas variedades apresentam valores de magnitude muito semelhantes. As estimativas de repetibilidade, nas oito características, são superiores a 0,60, demonstrando regularidade do desempenho dos clones nas várias colheitas e confiabilidade na discriminação genotípica superior a 80%. O emprego de três colheitas é adequado para que a seleção seja praticada com previsibilidade do valor real do genótipo acima de 80%.

O programa de melhoramento genético de trigo da Embrapa tem papel importante na história da triticultura brasileira, tendo dado origem a mais de 100 novas cultivares para as diferentes regiões do Brasil, ao longo dos quase 40 anos de existência. Entretanto, não se pode atribuir sua importância somente ao número de cultivares criadas, mas também ao impacto de seu germoplasma nos programas de melhoramento genético de outras instituições. O trabalho teve como objetivo quantificar a importância do germoplasma da Embrapa nos programas de melhoramento genético de trigo no Brasil. Foram analisadas as genealogias de todas as cultivares de trigo indicadas para cultivo no País, no período de 2005 a 2012, por obtentor vegetal. No período estudado, a média de participação do germoplasma da Embrapa nas cultivares de outros obtentores é de 58,7%, com destaque para a Biotrigo Genética, a CCGL TEC e OR Melhoramento de Sementes Ltda, respectivamente, com média de uso de 100,0%, 97,5% e 87,7%.

O programa de melhoramento genetico do feijoeiro comum da Embrapa Arroz e Feijao esta focado na busca de cultivares com alto potencial produtivo, mais resistentes a doencas e com arquitetura de planta ereta, que possibilitem inclusive a colheita mecanizada direta, para que os agricultores possam ofertar um produto de melhor qualidade ao consumidor e auferir melhores rendimentos com a cultura. Nesse sentido, novas cultivares foram indicadas nos ultimos anos, como a BRS 7762 Supremo, que apresenta excelente arquitetura de planta, a BRS Campeiro, com ciclo semi-precoce, a BRS Esplendor, com arquitetura ereta e resistencia a varias doencas.

BRS 374 is a wheat cultivar developed by Embrapa. It resulted from a cross between the F-1 generation of PF 88618/Coker80.33 and Frontana/Karl. BRS 374 belongs to the soft wheat class, has a low plant height, a high potential grain yield, and white flour.

BRS Ametista e uma cultivar de feijoeiro-comum do tipo carioca com produtividade similar a cultivar Perola, mas com graos maiores e resistencia a antracnose e murcha de fusario. Esta recomendada para 18 Estados em todas as regioes brasileiras, correspondendo a mais de 95% da area plantada com feijao no Brasil

The objective of this study was to estimate genetic parameters of wheat segregating populations grown in environments with different thermal conditions. Thus, two experiments were carried out at Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Brazil. A 16 by 16 square lattice design was used with two replications, where 240 families from eight segregating populations, 30 families from each population, plus 16 parents were evaluated. In the first experiment, sown in February 2007 (summer), S0:2 families were evaluated. In the second one, in June 2007 (winter), S0:3 families were evaluated. Grain yield and thousand grains weight were recorded. So, the most promising population to be grown under different levels of temperature is the Population II originated from BR24/Aliança//EP93541/CPAC9662. It was verified that the thermal conditions might interfere in the wheat genotypes performance and also in the genetic parameters estimates.

Azospirillum brasiliense is a facultative, endophytic bacteria capable of fixing nitrogen from the atmosphere, providing part of the N required to the associated plant. The bacteria also may induce plant hormones, which stimulate the growth of plant roots, improves water and nutrient absorption, and increases chlorophyll content of the leaves and tolerance to stress, especially that caused by drought. Field experiments at Fepagro Nordeste, Vacaria, with five wheat cultivars from the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, evaluated the effect of A. brasiliense inoculant on wheat yield. Wheat seed inoculated with A. brasiliense increased grain yield from 165 to 555 kg/ha (3–15%). Considering the statistical analysis, in 67% of the experiments, the grain yield average from the inoculated treatments were higher than that from the noninoculated treatments (Tukey Test, p ≤ 0.05). This technology may reduce the economic and environmental costs related to the production, transport, and use of nitrogen fertilizers for the wheat crop. As a follow-up step ro these studies, a core collection of genotypes from the active germ plasm bank of Embrapa Trigo are under testing to observe the response to inoculation with A. brasiliense.