The difficulties of early food can relate to 25% to 50% of the infants in pediatric ordinary population. Among this population, 1% to 2% present severe disorders of the food behavior. The authors describe the interest to use a nosographic classification like that of Irene Chatoor, internationally recognized, to facilitate the diagnosis and to propose an assumption of responsibility adapted to each diagnosis. This article describes successively each disorder of the early food behavior by presenting the semiological elements that make it possible to improve diagnoses it. (C) 2014 Published by Elsevier Masson SAS.

Dans cet article, les auteurs tentent de définir la notion d’éthique à travers le film Le gamin au vélo des frères Dardenne et une présentation clinique qui relève de la psychiatrie adulte. Ces deux illustrations sont étudiées sous l’angle de la philosophie de Nietzsche. Ces deux œuvres très différentes leur permettent de définir l’éthique comme une position subjective permanente et invariante qui dirige les morales conjoncturelles et permet l’action de jugement sur les actes et pensées d’un sujet. Précisément, la présentation de Madame K ainsi que la relation entre Samantha, jouée par Cécile de France, et le personnage du Gamin au vélo, joué par Thomas Doret, servent de supports au déploiement toujours réformateur de la morale de Nietzsche et à la façon dont elle peut éclairer notre position clinique dans le soin.

Background Animal models of preterm brain injury can be achieved by Hypoxia-Ischemia (HI). Lactoferrin (Lf) is an iron-binding glycoprotein with anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-infectious activities. In rodents, after oral administration, Lf is rapidly transferred from the intestine into the brain. Aim The aim of this work was to assess the neuroprotective effect of Lf supplementation trough lactation after P3 HI brain injury by using MRI. Methods At birth, rat pups were divided in 3 groups: The dams of the HI-Lf group (n=6) received Lf-enriched food, HI-Iso received a diet isocaloric to the Lf (n=6) and a Sham group (n=3). At P3 pups from HI-Lf and HI-Iso groups underwent HI injury. At P25, T2W images, 1H-MRS and DTI were performed. A Mann-Whitney test was used to compare values between the different groups. Results When compared to HI-Iso group, the number of rats injured (51% vs. 61%), the percentage of injured cortex at P3 (4.9±3.6% vs. 15.0±7.1%, P=0.02) as well as the percentage of cortical loss at P25 (4.6±4.8% vs. 16.7±11.9%, P=0.09) were reduced in the HI-Lf group. At P25, using 1H-MRS, brain metabolites of HI-Lf rats is almost normalized with [Glu+Gln] only remaining decreased whereas the Iso-HI group showed also decreased levels of [Asp] and [totalNAA]. With DTI, white matter FA values tend to be higher in the HI-Lf group than in the HI-Iso group and were comparable to Sham. Conclusion This study shows a potential neuroprotection from maternal nutritional supplementation with Lf after HI in the developing brain of progeny.

Back to table of contents Previous article Next article LETTERFull AccessAlice in Wonderland Syndrome in Major Depressive DisorderEric Bui M.D., Ph.D.Aurelien Chatagner M.D.Laurent Schmitt M.D.,Eric Bui M.D., Ph.D.Aurelien Chatagner M.D.Laurent Schmitt M.D.,Published Online:1 Jul 2010https://doi.org/10.1176/jnp.2010.22.3.352.e16AboutSectionsPDF/EPUB ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack Citations ShareShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InEmail To the Editor: Alice in Wonderland syndrome, described by Todd 1 in 1955, encompasses a variety of self-experienced body image disturbances which may co-occur with depersonalization, derealization, metamorphopsia, and distortion of time perception. 2 Although this syndrome has been mainly observed in neurological conditions such as migraine or epilepsy, there have been several descriptions of patients suffering from substance-related disorders and schizophrenia. Case ReportA 74-year-old retired French executive was admitted to our University Hospital for major depressive disorder with psychotic features triggered by prostate surgery 3 months previously. His medical history had been unremarkable except for possible major depressive disorder 20 years previously which had not been treated. No family history of migraine or epilepsy was found during a psychiatric interview. The patient was described by his wife as usually sociable, jolly, scrupulous and a perfectionist. On admission, the patient presented with a depressed mood, loss of pleasure and interest, disordered sleeping, severe fatigue, loss of appetite, psychomotor retardation, and persecutory (being broken into and burgled) as well as somatic (his stools being contaminated) delusions. At that time, his Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAM-D) score was 32/52. Ten days after admission, the patient exhibited new delusional symptoms: he believed his hands and feet were shorter than usual and was convinced that his clothes had shrunk. Organic causes (intracranial tumor and infection, thyroid disease, and nutritional deficiency) were ruled out by physiological, laboratory, neurological, and ophthalmological investigations. First-line treatment combined venlafaxine (225 mg/day) and olanzapine (7.5 mg/day) for 1 month. The patient continued to be delusional and severely depressed (HAM-D=27/52). He only achieved remission after five bilateral ECT sessions over a period of 2 weeks, with a seizure duration range of 10–22 seconds. He was discharged on day 45 of hospitalization with complete remission (no delusional symptoms and HAM-D=7/52).Discussion Based on a previous case report, major depressive disorder has been suggested to be a causal factor for Alice in Wonderland syndrome, 3 and the course of our patient's psychiatric symptoms supports this hypothesis. Furthermore, in line with this previous report, Alice in Wonderland syndrome symptoms associated with major depressive disorder seem to last longer than when they are associated with nonpsychiatric disorders. However, in contrast to previous clinical observations, our patient did not exhibit any disturbances in his perception of time. 3 Cotard's syndrome, described by Jules Cotard in 1882, comprises any one of a series of delusions ranging from the belief that one has lost organs to the conviction that one is dead. 4 Since Cotard's syndrome is also usually associated with severe depression and improves rapidly with ECT, 4 it is possible that the somatic delusions experienced by our patient were a variant of this syndrome. According to our observations, the psychotic features of major depressive disorder might present in the form of Alice in Wonderland syndrome although the relationship between this syndrome and Cotard's syndrome remains to be determined.Laboratoire du Stress Traumatique (JE2511), Hôpital Casselardit Psychiatrie, Toulouse, FranceReferences1. Todd J: The syndrome of Alice in Wonderland. Can Med Assoc J 1955; 73:701–704Google Scholar2. Lambert MV, Sierra M, Phillips ML, et al: The spectrum of organic depersonalization: a review plus four new cases. J Neuropsychiatry Clin Neurosci 2002; 14:141–154Google Scholar3. Mizuno M, Kashima H, Chiba H, et al: "Alice in Wonderland" syndrome as a precursor of depressive disorder. Psychopathology 1998; 31:85–89Google Scholar4. Baeza I, Salva J, Bernardo M: Cotard's syndrome in a young male bipolar patient. J Neuropsychiatry Clin Neurosci 2000; 12:119–120Google Scholar FiguresReferencesCited byDetailsCited ByExperimental Induction of Micro- and Macrosomatognosia: A Virtual Hand Illusion Study29 April 2021 | Frontiers in Virtual Reality, Vol. 2Neurobiology29 November 2019Neurology, Psychiatry and Brain Research, Vol. 32Neuropsychological Rehabilitation, Vol. 28, No. 2L'Encéphale, Vol. 43, No. 5 Volume 22Issue 3 Summer, 2010Pages 352.e16-352.e16 Metrics PDF download History Published online 1 July 2010 Published in print 1 July 2010

Erythropoietin (Epo) has long been recognised for its role in the control of erythropoiesis and therefore in the treatment of anemia including anemia of prematurity. The erythropoietin receptor (Epo-R) though is expressed in many other organs including the CNS. This review focuses on the role of erythropoietin during the development of the CNS and its potential role as a neuroprotective agent. Epo-R is expressed in many different cellules of the CNS during development including neural progenitor cells, neurons, astrocytes and oligodendrocytes. In the event of hypoxia CNS cells respond with increase of erythropoietin release with subsequent stimulation of neurogenesis through Epo-R on neural progenitor cells. In an Epo-R knock-out model therefore cerebral development is severely impaired. In models of hypoxia-ischemia exogenous Epo has been shown to reduce lesion size and improve structural and functional recovery. Human studies are emerging using Epo as a neuroprotective agent both for the term infant with hypoxia-ischemia as well as for the extremely preterm infant.

Introduction: Accurate myelin quantification is of prime importance not only in animal models of adult cerebral white matter disease but also in neonatal models of brain injury. Its quantification by MRI would provide a non-invasive tool to evaluate the impact of injury on myelination and the efficacy of neuroprotective treatments. To date, there is no readily available fast MRI-technique for myelin quantification at high field using high resolution multiple slices. Although diffusion anisotropy has been shown to reflect myelin integrity in adult animal models, it is not the case in the developing brain where significant anisotropy can be found in non-myelinated tracks. It is known that phase images acquired with gradient-recalled echo is greatly enhanced at high field and is affected mainly by tissue lipid, iron and microstructure, but not by tissue cerebral blood flow as initially postulated . The purpose of this study was to investigate the relevance of phase imaging in detecting and quantifying myelination in developing rats at 9.4 Tesla.

Y. van de Looij, A. Chatagner, N. Kunz, P. S. Hüppi, S. V. Sizonenko, and R. Gruetter Laboratory for Functional and Metabolic Imaging, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland, Division of Child Growth & Development, Department of Pediatrics, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland, Departments of Radiology, University of Geneva and University of Lausanne, Geneva and Lausanne, Switzerland