Comprehensive studies of solubility and diffusion in PS–PPMS systems are performed via optical interferometry, DSC, and SEM. The interdiffusion zones in PS–siloxane oligomer systems are studied for the first time. It is shown that the general tendency of the change in the position of the concentration profile over time is to expand without changing the nature of the dependence. A smooth change in the concentration of the siloxane oligomer in PS is observed in the limits of the solubility region. Generalized state diagrams of PS–polysiloxane systems are constructed. The effect molecular weight has on the position of the branches of the binodal curves is determined. It is shown that the upper critical solution temperature (UCST) grows along with the molecular weight of linear oligomers, while the heterogeneous region expands and the binodal dome shifts to the region of thermal destruction of the compositions. The concentration, temperature, and molecular weight dependences of the diffusion coefficients are determined for each of the studied systems. The apparent activation energies are calculated for diffusion.

The changes in the adhesive and physico-mechanical characteristics of aramid and carbon fibers treated with plasma of a highfrequency capacitive gas discharge of reduced pressure are considered. An increase of ~ 30% in the wettability of the surface of aramid and carbon fibers is shown. It was found that the strength of plastics made on the basis of aramid and carbon fibers treated with a plasma flow increases by ~ 26%.

Based on systematic studies of kinetic regularities of heterophase polymerization of styrene and methyl methacrylate (MMA), and study of physical and chemical properties of polymer suspensions, it was established that stable functional polymer suspensions with narrow particle size distribution with diameters from 0.4 to 1.4 μm are formed, when functional organosilicon surfactants are used as stabilizers at 0.5–1.0 wt% surfactant concentration per monomer mass.

Isotherms of water-vapor sorption by aramid fibers and films of various nature were determined by static sorption methods. Structural and morphological characteristics of aramid fibers were investigated by the methods of transmission and scanning electron microscopy, X-ray structural analysis. It is shown that the studied industrial aramids are X-ray amorphous mesophases. The diffusion coefficients of water in aramids of various thermal prehistories have been determined. Greater interest is presented by the region of high humidity, where a rather sharp increase in the diffusion coefficients is observed for fibers and membrane films, which is associated with an increase in the segmental mobility of aramids and the onset of the process of devitrification of sorbents. The factor of complication of the transport paths during the transition from copolyamide membranes to fibers has been calculated. The sorption capacity of industrial aramid fibers in the entire range of water-vapor activity is significantly lower than the sorption capacity of films, membranes, and model sorbents. It is shown that paracrystalline mesophases act as “impermeable particles” in aramids. It is shown that absorbed water in polymers can exist in a nonassociated state or in the form of clusters. The number of water molecules included in the clusters has been determined.

Chitosan is a promising environment friendly active polymer packaging material due to its biodegradability, exceptional film forming capacity, great mechanical strength, appropriate barrier property along with intrinsic antioxidant and antimicrobial features. Bifunctional reagent was used for producing water insoluble chitosan films. Biopolymeric films crosslinked by Genipin (Gp), which is a reagent of natural origin, should have high potential in food packaging. The influence of the ratio of functional groups in the chitosan-Gp system on film absorption in the visible and ultraviolet regions of the spectrum, sorption, physical, and mechanical properties of the films has been studied. The degree of chitosan crosslinking in the films obtained from solutions containing Gp was estimated using the experimental data on film swelling and water vapor sorption isotherms. It is demonstrated that crosslinking with genipin improves swelling, water resistance, and mechanical properties of the films.

Using the method of diffusion enrichment with a nonsolvent of polymer solutions in mixed solvents, porous structures are obtained and their structural characteristics are determined. Quasi-binary state diagrams of two four-component systems were obtained. Viscosities of polymer solutions in mixed solvents were measured. The dependences of the reduced viscosity on the polymer concentration are obtained. The slopes ratio and the characteristic viscosities are determined. It is shown that the properties of structural elements ([η] and tgα) of solutions differ significantly depending on the composition of the mixed solvent, and that the positions of the regions of heterogeneity in the quasi-binary phase diagrams for the systems under study correspond to these differences. It is shown that significant differences in the sizes of pores and their proportions in the area of ​​the flat section of the structure correspond to the differences in the constitutional diagrams and the degree of nonequilibrium of the structures, which was qualitatively estimated from the value of [η]. The results indicate that the performed viscometric measurements provide useful information in studying the modification of the morphology of condensation structures by changing the composition of the mixed solvent.

The structure of n-butyl acrylate–styrene block and gradient copolymers of various compositions is studied in detail, and their glass transition temperatures are determined. Influence of the architecture of copolymer macromolecules on the glass transition temperature is considered. Histograms of the size distribution of phases are constructed, and the density distribution of domains over the cross section of the dispersed phase is estimated. Schematic representations of the structure of the block and gradient copolymers are proposed, and their features are analyzed.

Promising areas of research in the field of the structure of combined packaging polymeric materials consisting of low density polyethylene and paper, surface modification of the paper and methods for influencing the polyethylene melt are examined, the purpose of which is to improve the adhesive interaction between paper and polyethylene. It is shown that the use of ultrasonic processing of polyethylene melt allows for relatively low energy costs to improve the quality of the finished product.

Phase equilibria in systems polystyrene–block and gradient n-butyl acrylate–styrene copolymers are studied for the first time using optical interferometry for polystyrene of various molecular weight and copolymers of different architecture. Phase diagrams, which are characterized by the upper critical solution temperatures, are constructed. The pair interaction parameters for these systems are calculated, and the thermodynamics of mixing of the components is evaluated. The data on the interdiffusion of polystyrene into the copolymer and the copolymer into polystyrene are obtained. The effect of the composition of copolymers on their interaction with polystyrene is analyzed. The friction coefficients of macromolecules and the diffusion coefficients of monomer units are calculated. It is shown that these values are independent of the molecular weight of the diffusant and the architecture of the copolymer.

The fractal characteristics of individual macromolecular tangles of block and random copolymers are investigated. It was found that the dependence of the mass of macromolecules on the radius of inertia of a statistically significant sample is well described by the de Gennes equation with a fractal dimension of 5/3. It was established that the fine structure of the polymer coil also has a fractal nature. The fractal dimension inside the macromolecular coil changes significantly with distance from the center of mass.

Systems consisting of ethylene–vinyl acetate copolymers and (aminoalkoxy)silanes are studied. The diffusion and mutual solubility of their components are investigated, and phase diagrams covering a broad range of composition and temperatures are constructed. We find that the near-surface layers of the modified copolymers are enriched with the organosilicon component. The effects that the phase structure of considered adhesives has on the energetic properties and adhesion strength for different types of substrates are identified.

The phase structure of synthetic isoprene rubber samples subjected to stretching was studied by transmission electron microscopy. A procedure for determining the fractal dimension of extended one-dimensional structures arising during deformation was proposed. Image parametrization, being the extraction of substantial acting parameters, their description, and quantitative estimation of the obtained parameters, made it possible to characterize each stage of the deformation. A combination of standard methods of studying electron microscopic images using the fractal theory to describe the supramolecular and phase structures of elastomers allows one to understand the mechanism of the deformation process and the nature of the structures arising in structure rearrangement.

The degree of crystallinity of carbon fibers (CFs) of different manufacturers has been determined by means of the Raman scattering method. A gradient “core–shell” model for the CF structure has been suggested. The element composition of CFs has been determined by means of the X-ray electron probe analysis. It has been established that the CF includes oxygen-containing groups, the concentration of which varies from 2 to 4 wt %. A fibrillar structure of the CF shell has been identified via the methods of atomic force probe microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. Longitudinal and transverse sizes of fibrils have been determined. Using the method of low-temperature nitrogen adsorption, the specific surface area, porosity, and pore sizes of CFs have been determined . Isotherms of water vapor sorption by CF within the moisture range from 10 to 95 wt % have been obtained. It has been demonstrated that, for all the studied samples, the sorption isotherms can be approximated using the Dubinin–Radushkevich equation. The sorption capacity of water vapor by CFs has appeared to significantly exceed that of nitrogen, which was associated with the presence of oxygen-containing functional groups.

Phase equilibria in the mixtures of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and chitosan were revealed. Structures of the phases were identified. The temperature and concentration dependences for the chitosan—PVA and chitosan—PVA—water systems were determined. The phase state diagram was built. It is shown that the polymer mixtures are characterized by a complex supramolecular organization, which corresponds to their phase diagram.