A total of 100 tantalum cine laryngotracheograms were performed in adults with documented or suspected upper airway obstruction. With appropriate precautions, tantalum powder proved to be a safe material for delineating tracheal and laryngeal abnormalities. A cine recording to document tracheomalacia as well as a careful evaluation of the larynx are useful extensions of examination of patients with suspected upper airway obstruction. Tracheomalacia was found in 35% of our series; 29% showed laryngeal abnormalities. With modifications to correct for magnification, the tantalum tracheogram gives the surgeon the exact length of trachea to be resected. When tantalum becomes approved by the Food and Drug Administration, we expect that tantalum cine laryngotracheography will be the preferred means for study of upper airway obstruction.

A method of automatic exposure termination (AET) for xeromammography has been devised, significantly reducing the rate of repeat exposures due to poor choice of manual exposure factors. AET images are of good quality and are reliably produced. The concept of AET is based on the existence of an optimal transmitted exposure to the selenium plate, which is easily determined experimentally. In routine clinical xeromammography, a repeat rate of 20% was eliminated by the use of AET.

Positive-mode xeroradiography is an excellent method of visualizing soft-tissue structures in mammography and other procedures; however, toner deletions over a large area may preclude adequate delineation of the soft tissues near high-density structures such as bone. Use of the negative mode in the development cycle provides excellent demonstration of the soft tissues without toner deletions and requires only about 70% of the exposure needed in the positive mode. Negative-mode images also exhibit greater changes in radiographic contrast than those observed with the positive mode. The extent of achilles tendon lacerations was shown particularly well by this technique.

Veterinary RadiologyVolume 17, Issue 2 p. 77-86 Free Access How Birds Breathe: Correlation of Radiographic with Anatomical and Pathological Studies A. EVERETTE JAMES, A. EVERETTE JAMES Department of Radiology, Vanderbilt University Hospital, Nashville, T N 37232 Consultant, Smithsonian Institutions, National Zoological Park, Washington, D.C., Director, Laboratory for Diagnostic Radiological Research, The Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland. Chairman, Department of Radiology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine.Search for more papers by this authorG. HUTCHINS, G. HUTCHINS Department of Radiology, Vanderbilt University Hospital, Nashville, T N 37232 Department of Pathology, The Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland.Search for more papers by this authorM. BUSH, M. BUSH Department of Radiology, Vanderbilt University Hospital, Nashville, T N 37232 Veterinarian, National Zoological Park, Smithsonian Institutions, Washington, D.C.Search for more papers by this authorT. K. NATARAJAN, T. K. NATARAJAN Department of Radiology, Vanderbilt University Hospital, Nashville, T N 37232 Assistant Professor, Division of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland.Search for more papers by this authorB. BURNS, B. BURNS Department of Radiology, Vanderbilt University Hospital, Nashville, T N 37232 Assistant Professor, Department of Environmental Medicine, The Johns Hopkins School of Hygiene and Public Health, Baltimore, Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland.Search for more papers by this author A. EVERETTE JAMES, A. EVERETTE JAMES Department of Radiology, Vanderbilt University Hospital, Nashville, T N 37232 Consultant, Smithsonian Institutions, National Zoological Park, Washington, D.C., Director, Laboratory for Diagnostic Radiological Research, The Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland. Chairman, Department of Radiology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine.Search for more papers by this authorG. HUTCHINS, G. HUTCHINS Department of Radiology, Vanderbilt University Hospital, Nashville, T N 37232 Department of Pathology, The Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland.Search for more papers by this authorM. BUSH, M. BUSH Department of Radiology, Vanderbilt University Hospital, Nashville, T N 37232 Veterinarian, National Zoological Park, Smithsonian Institutions, Washington, D.C.Search for more papers by this authorT. K. NATARAJAN, T. K. NATARAJAN Department of Radiology, Vanderbilt University Hospital, Nashville, T N 37232 Assistant Professor, Division of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland.Search for more papers by this authorB. BURNS, B. BURNS Department of Radiology, Vanderbilt University Hospital, Nashville, T N 37232 Assistant Professor, Department of Environmental Medicine, The Johns Hopkins School of Hygiene and Public Health, Baltimore, Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland.Search for more papers by this author First published: March 1976 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1740-8261.1976.tb00555.xCitations: 16 AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditWechat Citing Literature Volume17, Issue2March 1976Pages 77-86 ReferencesRelatedInformation

ABNORMAL EPIPHYSES IN THE SICKLING DISORDERSMICHAEL C. HILL, M.B., KOOK SANG OH, M.D., JACK W. BOWERMAN, M.D., STANLEY S. SIEGELMAN, M.D. and A. EVERETTE JAMES, JR., SC.M., M.D.Audio Available | Share

To study alternative pathways of cerebrospinal fluid movement and absorption in chronic communicating hydrocephalus, autoradiographs were performed on animals in which cisternograms had confirmed that chronic communicating hydrocephalus had been produced The autoradiographs showed transependymal migration of labeled albumin in the animals to such an extent as to suggest bulk flow. Radioactivity concentrated around the cerebral capillaries in the periventricular region. These findings correlated with the histologic changes of flattening and denudation of the ventricular ependyma and enlargement of the periventricular extracellular space. Transependymal absorption may explain the cisternographic patterns, periventricular edema, and some of the neurologic manifestations associated with chronic communicating hydrocephalus.

Utilizing contrast and radionuclide angiography, scans, specimens radiographs, and histological examination, the placental circulation was studied to determine whether maternal placental blood flow is uniform and if large arteriovenous shunts are present in the placenta. Five rhesus monkeys of approximately 110 days gestation were studied. The blood flow to the placenta was found to be heterogenous with greater regional blood flow at the points of entry of spiral arteries into the intervillous space. No large arteriovenous shunts were demonstrated in 4 of 5 animals.

EVALUATION OF PRIMATE ALLOGRAFTS FOLLOWING TREATMENT WITH IMMUNOSUPPRESSION AND AMEROID CONSTRICTORSA. EVERETTE JAMES, JR., SC.M., M.D., GROVER M. HUTCHINS, M.D., T. K. NATARAJAN, M.E.E.S., P. SABANAYAGAM, M.B.B.S., F.R.C.S., JAMES M. BYERS, III, M.D., HENRY N. WAGNER, JR., M.D. and R. ROBINSON BAKER, M.D.Audio Available | Share

The cisternographic images in 10 patients with benign intracranial hypertension were reviewed. Nine were normal. Transfer of labelled tracer from the subarachnoid space was measured in five patients and was found to be abnormal in only two. The relation of these findings to the proposed pathophysiological alterations is discussed.

In patients with pre- and postcapillary pulmonary hypertension, characteristic changes were observed that provide diagnostic clues in the interpretation of the lung scans. A concave area of decreased perfusion slightly above the left hilum and corresponding to an enlarged pulmonary outflow tract was observed in 65 per cent (19/29) of patients with precapillary pulmonary hypertension and 85 per cent (6/7) patients with postcapillary pulmonary hypertension. Increased relative blood flow to the upper halves of the lungs compared to the lower halves was observed in 17 and 57 per cent of the patients with pre- and postcapillary pulmonary hypertension, respectively. Focal perfusion defects were common in both groups.

James, A Everette Jr. SCM, MD; Burns, Barry PhD; Novak, Gary LAT; Strecker, Ernst-Peter MD Author Information

Positive-contrast peritoneography is a reasonably safe and quite accurate method of identifying patent vaginal processes, hernias, communicating hydroceles, and undescended testes. It is especially valuable in the evaluation of an infant or child who appears to have a unilateral hernia or hydrocele or who has cryptorchidism. The examination is simple to perform and interpret and can also be used to evaluate diaphragmatic abnormalities such as hernias and eventrations, the size and shape of the liver and spleen, and some intraperitoneal masses.

Chemical meningitis was induced in eight dogs by insertion of a kaolincharcoal suspension through a plastic tube. The injected chemical substances were transported by altered cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) flow from the subarachnoid space into the lateral ventricles. If the normal peripheral area of absorption does not function, the net flow of CSF may be “reversed” by second, ary ependymal absorption. Since the kaolin-charcoal suspension enters the ventricular system through the foramina of the fourth ventricle and the aqueduct of Sylvius and causes inflammatory reaction with occlusion, this method does not appear valuable for creating communicating hydrocephalus. Cisternography will detect focal negative filling defects secondary to obliteration of the subarachnoid space. In severe noncommunicating hydrocephalus, less radioactivity over the cerebral cortex was observed. Measurements of the transfer of the radiopharmaceutical from CSF into the blood demonstrated delay in dogs with meningitis.