Carbide-derived carbons (CDC) allow a precise control over the pore size through the selection of the carbide precursor and varying of the synthesis conditions. However, their pore volume is limited by the carbide stoichiometry. While activation of carbons derived from various organic precursors has been widely studied, this process may similarly be able to increase the pore volume and specific surface area of CDC. Oxidation of carbide-derived carbon in air and CO2 at different temperatures and times allows for significant increase in pore volume and specific surface area as well as control over average pore size with subnanometer accuracy. The effect of activation and associated changes in the pore volume and surface area on the hydrogen uptake are also discussed.

Scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction and adsorption structural analyses, and helium pycnometry were used to study the structure of nanoporous carbon produced by chlorination of powdered titanium carbide and carbonitride and of titanium carbide synthesized by chemical-vapor deposition. The results obtained were used to make suggestions about the type of organization of the nanoporous structure of these materials. The evolution of the structure of nanoporous carbon was analyzed in relation to the chlorination temperature. The effect of the chlorination temperature on the structure of the nanoporous carbon obtained and on its pore volume was examined.

Powders prepared from nanoporous carbon are promising for creating cold emitters, which are essential to the development of reliable next-generation monitors. The results of an experimental study of the temperature and time dependences of the emission current from nanoporous carbon coatings are reported. It is shown that the stable emission may last at least 20 h under continuous operation if the emission current density does not exceed 0.6 mA/cm 2 at room temperature and an accelerating field strength of 800–1200 V/mm. The highest values of the unstable-in-time current density vary from 2.5 to 3.2 mA/cm 2 .

Results are presented of technological investigations aimed at developing and creating composites to be used as implants in osteoplasty.

The porous structure parameters of carbon-carbon sorption-active composites were studied in relation to content of pyrocarbon in these materials.

The sorption capacity of carbon nanoporous materials with respect to water molecules and phase transitions involving melting and evaporation of sorbed water were studied by differential scanning calorimetry, and heat effects of these transitions were determined.

The possibility was studied of using the chemical vapor deposition technique to modify the pore structure of tubular supports for membranes. Anisotropic membrane elements were fabricated and subjected to hydraulic tests.

A structural analysis has been conducted for polycrystalline (graphitized) carbon materials (CM) from various sources that are characterized by structures with fairly high degrees of perfect ordering. In the case of fine- and supercrystallite structures the analysis was conducted for the most characteristic groups of graphitized CM: synthetic graphites obtained by carbonization, pyrographites obtained by hydrocarbon pyrolysis in vacuo at a surface temperature of the deposit above 2273 K, and natural graphites from two deposits. The chief method of study was large-angle x-ray diffractometry in conjunction with an electron microscope screen. It has been established that in paracrystalline CM the main structural element is a monolyer of hexagonally linked carbon atoms and in graphitized CM, a microlayer. The importance of evaluating the degree of three-dimensional ordering of the microlayer (p3) has been demonstrated. Two methods together with the limitations of their application have been considered for doing this. In terms of nomenclature it is proposed that CM, for which 0.5 < p3 < 1 and for which the diffraction spectrum corresponds to polycrystalline material, should be strictly designated as polycrystalline CM.

Preparation of a certain modification of pyrolytic carbon materials (pyrographite) with a unique set of physicochemical and mechanical properties, required in particular for fabrication of grid electrodes for powerful generator tubes, was investigated. The method of chemical gas-phase deposition was used, as it allows regulating the structure and properties of the synthesized material within wide limits by altering the parameters of the process. It was found that going beyond the limits of the optimum narrow temperature range and increasing the pressure of the carbon-containing component worsen the physicomechanical properties. Anisotropic carbon was studied on the atomic-molecular and fine and supercrystallite structure levels by large-angle x-ray diffractometry and optical and scanning electron microscopy. Correlations were established between the state of the structure and the dynamic modulus of elasticity and strength characteristics of the pyrocarbon.

Evidence has been accumulating on determining fine-structure parameters by line shape harmonic analysis (LSHA) although many aspects remain unresolved. In this paper, the authors discuss the interpretations afresh, on-going improvements in x-ray techniques, in recording methods, and in processing the data, as well as in programs for determining the parameters by LSHA. The authors selected tungsten because of its bcc lattice, whose diffraction peaks are widely separated, which almost completely rules out their overlapping even if there is considerable broadening, such as is produced by large plastic strain. The material was produced in two ways: by firing a tungsten single crystal and by grinding VChDK tungsten powder in a laboratory vibration mill for 10, 20, 30, 50, and 100 h.