Coherent Doppler lidars are traditionally used to measure wind speed in the atmospheric boundary layer. However, in addition to wind speed data, coherent Doppler lidars are a source of information on the distribution of the aerosol particle concentration in the atmosphere, which makes it possible to measure the height of the planetary boundary layer, to determine the cloud base and the number of cloud layers, as well as information on the distribution of aerosols along the path or in the scanning sector. The paper considers algorithms for processing data from coherent Doppler lidars to obtain comprehensive information about the parameters of the atmospheric boundary layer. The results of experimental studies and their analysis are presented.

The article considers proposed methodological and technical solutions aimed at improving the accuracy of dropping cargo from aircraft by taking into account the wind speed. The characteristics of lidars of different types, capable of measuring the wind speed both near the aircraft and near the Earth's surface, are discussed. The results of experiments on measuring the wind speed profile at low altitudes in the airfield area are presented. The results of modeling the trajectory of an uncontrollable load falling in wind conditions show that taking into account the wind speed significantly increases the drop accuracy. The cargo was modeled as a sphere of a specified mass with specified aerodynamic coefficients. The effect of the completeness of information about the distribution of wind speed over height on the drop accuracy is shown. In particular, options are compared when the wind speed is measured near the aircraft and near the surface of the earth. The drop accuracy indicators obtained in the course of simulation are given

Сверхзвуковые газовые и химические лазеры являются источниками мощного непрерывного излучения с высоким оптическим качеством. Эти качества позволяет использовать такие лазеры в составе автономных мобильных комплексов. Представлен краткий обзор работ по созданию и совершенствованию лазеров, формированию высококачественного излучения, разработки перспективных систем хранения и подготовки рабочего тела, систем восстановления давления.

Meteorological lidars are currently one of the most universal and informative devices for noncontact atmospheric research.Depending on the type, they are able to provide information on the altitude of the lower cloud cover, the number and density of cloud layers, the atmospheric dynamic parameters (wind speed and direction, wind shear, vortex traces, etc.).Despite the growing demand and a wide application range of meteorological lidars, today there is no sufficiently universal and practical method for verifying their operational parameters.The article describes a promising method for verification the operational parameters of meteorological lidars based on the use of fiber-optic technologies.

Combination of combustion-driven gas-dynamic lasers with gas-turbine turbojet and turbo-shaft engines has been considered. Development of aviation technologies has been analyzed. Output performance of a laser taking air from modern helicopter and airplane engines taking into account ensuring exhaust of spent active medium into the ambient atmosphere has been determined. The application of penetration cooling of the laser nozzle bank blades has been evaluated.

Дистанционное зондирование атмосферы в оптическом диапазоне в настоящее время является одним из наиболее эффективных способов получения информации о ее физико-­химических и динамических характеристиках. Сегодня лидарные системы атмосферного мониторинга широко применяются в метеорологии, экологии, климатологии, в сфере обеспечения безопасности полетов, ветроэнергетике. В статье описываются физические принципы функционирования атмосферных лидаров, приводятся результаты измерений и технические характеристики лидарных метеосистем и комплексов отечественной разработки, выпускаемых серийно.

The results of the first measurements in Russia of the vortex wakes left by different types of airplanes with the aid of 1.5-μm range home-made commercially manufactured coherent Doppler lidars are presented. The characteristic features of the measurement of vortex wakes by such lidars are considered. The dynamics of the vortex wake left by a Boeing 737-800 is shown.

A Doppler lidar by means of which remote measurements of the speed (in the range 0–55 m/sec) and direction of wind at specified heights (3–300 m) along with processing, representation, and transmission of the obtained data to an operator’s computer may be performed is created. The lidar is intended for off-line continuous operation in different weather conditions. Results of studies of its technical and metrological characteristics are presented.

An open-type pressure recovery system (PRS) for chemical oxygen-iodine laser was designed and fabricated. As a first stage, an active diffuser was used in which the ejecting gas supply was organized through nozzles disposed around the channel periphery. The second stage was a supersonic ejector. Numerical simulation data for the viscous turbulent flow with heat release through the diffuser gas-dynamic channel, and also data obtained by testing the active diffuser in operation on a model facility equipped with a vacuum chamber, are reported. The obtained data were used to develop a full-scale setup with exhaust of laser gas into the atmosphere; this has allowed us to optimize the performance characteristics of the setup and substantially improve its mass-dimensional characteristics. Special attention was paid to parameter matching and synchronization of laser start with the operation of PRS components.

Active diffuser-AD has been developed by blowing in the high pressure gas from small scale nozzles along the laser chamber walls. Blowing has stabilized boundary layers, decreased its thickness and prevented its separation. So AD operating has stabilized the gas flow parameters in resonator and localized the zone of slow down of laser flow - pseudoshock - after laser chamber. So regular shock - wave structures (X-type shocks) that could degrade the flow optical quality don't appear in resonator.The use of AD allows developing PRS on base of single-stage ejector with high ejection coefficient (usually ground -based COIL PRS consist from passive diffuser and two-stage ejector and has low ejection coefficient).

The matter of development of a high-performance pressure recovery system (PRS) for a high-power HF/DF laser is discussed. A sequence of design steps is proposed, which involves estimation of basic characteristics of PRS components with the help of one-dimensional integral and semi-empirical procedures; simulation, to be performed using three-dimensional non-stationary Navier — Stokes equations; experimental modelling aimed at verification of the calculation procedures and at refinement of obtained parameters; and a fullscale experiment. An ejector-type system providing for recovery of pressure from 12 Torr to atmospheric pressure in the gas-dynamic system of an HF/DF laser of several-tens-kilowatt power is developed. Matching conditions for parameters of individual PRS components as well as joint functioning of the PRS with a continuous chemical laser in an integral complex are analysed. Conditions for minimization of mass-dimensional characteristics of the laser-PRS complex necessary for the development of ground-based mobile systems are identified.

The general view of PRS is shown in the paper [1] of the present book. The PRS is known gasdynamic device consisting from the next main elements: supersonic diffuser and supersonic ejector. Traditionally it is utilized for providing of supersonic wind tunnels exhaust.