Introduction The ‘Neonatal infection (early onset): antibiotics for prevention and treatment’ NICE Clinical guideline recommends antibiotics are started where parenteral antibiotic treatment is given to mothers for confirmed or suspected invasive bacterial infection. Recent changes in the Obstetric ‘Green Guide’ means there is now a lower threshold (temperature ≥37.5° x2 or ≥38° x1) for starting IV antibiotics in labouring and postpartum women. These cases are labelled as ‘maternal sepsis’. Our clinical observation suggested that many newborn babies are being treated with antibiotics where there is minimal evidence of invasive bacterial infection or sepsis in their mothers. Methods A retrospective cohort pilot study was undertaken, examining the notes of babies treated with IV antibiotics on the postnatal wards of a district general hospital during May 2018 to determine the reason for starting antibiotics along with their C-reactive protein (CRP). The notes for mothers of babies treated for maternal sepsis were examined to determine MEOWS during and after labour. Results In the pilot, 44 asymptomatic babies were treated at birth. 68% (n=30) were for maternal sepsis. We defined ‘MEOWS Positive’ as MEOWS of 5 across all parameters, or 3 in one parameter. 63% of babies treated for maternal sepsis (n=19)(43% of all babies treated from birth) would not have met a MEOWS Positive threshold for treatment. 64% (n=7) of babies in the MEOWS positive group, but only 16% (n=3) in the MEOWS negative group had a significant CRP rise. There were no significant microbiological results In either group. A full study examining 6 months of data across the local neonatal network is underway and will be presented. Conclusions Many babies are treated at birth simply because of maternal IV antibiotic use but where MEOWS is negative. There is a strong correlation between high MEOWS and CRP rise in babies. If these results are reproduced in our full study, MEOWS could be used as a tool to decide whether to treat, or merely observe from birth. This would significantly reduce the number starting IV antibiotics, reducing the associated risks, costs, and length of hospital stay.

This paper investigates the impact of phosphorous polysilicon gate pre-doping and silicide thickness on the gate resistance of NFETs. The analysis is performed on a 45nm partially depleted (PD) Silicon-on-Insulator (SOI) technology with a Ni silicided poly SiON gate stack. It is shown that both process features contribute differently to R g improvements, making their respective benefits dependent on device finger width (W f ). The data also show that combining both approaches can simultaneously improve R g and, consequently, device maximum oscillation frequency (F max ) on both small and large W f devices.

The issue of security has become a bigger heddle for all telecommunication companies to climb in this era where information hungry customers are increasing daily. Unauthorized users are finding novel ways of accessing information of others and thereby attacking the requisite legitimate users’ information accounting to security threats. In this work, two forms of WDM system attacks will be considered. These attacks include a clone source based attack where the adversary tries to replicate the transmitted signal of the legitimate user by transmitting at the same wavelength and power and the different wavelength source based attack where the adversary transmit at a wavelength different from that of the legitimate user thereby creating interaction effects igniting security issues. Finally, a simulation of the outcome will be considered and the resulting output will be analyzed

Background: 20-30% of mTBI patients experience clinically significant neuropsychiatric sequelae and are termed “miserable minority”. Accurate identification of concussion symptoms in a primary acute care setting is thus imperative to ensure proper management. Acute Concussion Evaluation –Emergency Department version (ACE-ED) is a standardized assessment tool highlighting key injury characteristics, early signs and symptoms, risk factors for prolonged recovery, and critical signs of neurological deterioration subsequent to mTBI.

Background & Objectives: Several techniques have been proposed to attenuate the pressor response following laryngoscopy and intubation.Clonidine has been shown to be effective for preoperative sedation, analgesia and perioperative haemodynamic stability. More recently gabapentin has been used for attenuation of pressor response to laryngoscopy and intubation. Primary Objective: To compare the efiicacy, saftey and utility of clonidine and gabapantin in attenuation of pressor response to laryngoscopy and tracheal intubation. Materials & Methods: STUDY DESIGN:Prospective, double-blind, randomized control. Toatal 90 patients, divided in 3 groups of 30 each. Inclusion Criteria: ASA grade I and II patients in the age group 20 to 60 years of both sexes. Study drug was administered as follows on day of surgery - GROUP I – Tab. Diazepam 5 mg at 6:00 am with sips of water. GROUP II – Cap. Gabapentin 900 mg at 6:00 am with sips of water. GROUP III – Tab. Clonidine 0.2 mg at 6:00 am with sips of water. Results: The rise of heart rate was longest in diazepam group and shortest in clonidine group. The pattern of changes in SBP, DBP and MAP were same in all the three groups following laryngoscopy and intubation. Hence the changes in MAP are taken as a reflection of drugs following ‘laryngoscopy and intubation. Both clonidine and gabapentin groups required statistically significant reduced analgesia intraoperatively as compared to diazepam. The attenuation of heart rate was better in gabapentin and clonidine group, as compared to diazepam group. Also the rise of heart rate was longest in diazepam group and shortest in clonidine group. The pattern of changes in SBP, DBP and MAP were same in all the three groups following laryngoscopy and intubation. Hence the changes in MAP are taken as a reflection of drugs following ‘laryngoscopy and intubation. Both clonidine and gabapentin groups required statistically significant reduced analgesia intraoperatively as compared to diazepam. However no such difference was noted between gabapentin and clonidine groups Conclusion: Clonidine was effective in attenuating pressor response (SBP, DBP, MAP) to laryngoscopy and intubation and was better than diazepam but less effective than gabapentine. Patients who were premedicated with clonidine and gabapentin have longer duration of post operative analgesia as compared to diazepam. References: 1. Kovac AL.controlling the haemodynamic resposes to laryngoscopy and tracheal intubation.J Clin Anaesth.1996;8:63-79. 2. Abou Madi M,Hyogo K. A method for prevention of cardiovascular reactions to laryngoscopy and intubation. Canad. Anaesth Soc Journal. 1975;316-29 Disclosure of Interest: None declared

The present study investigates the influence of tool pin profiles on microstructure and mechanical properties of friction stir welded AA 6061-T6 Alloy was studied. An attempt is made here to review the fundamental principle of this process its tensile strength and examination of its metallurgical consequences. An improved milling machine is fabricated for performing friction stir welding and its effectiveness in joining Al 6061-T6 Alloy plates is demonstrated in the current work. The FSW Process has proved to be very efficient and has immense potential for future application. Present investigation is to find out the optimum mechanical properties of friction stir welding of Al 6061-T6 alloy &Mg AZ31B alloy. In this present study an attempt has been made to study the effect of tool rotational speed, traversing speed and tool pin profiles (Taper Thread profile) on FSW zone transformation in Al and Mg alloys. For three different tools, rotational speeds, three different traversing speeds, and three different tool D/d ratios, one tool pin profile have been used to fabricate the joints. The formation of FSW of Al 6061 of fusion zone has been evaluated and correlated with base metal. Tensile properties, toughness and microstructure of the joint were evaluated and correlated as received Al 6061-T6 & Mg AZ31B alloys. The joints fabricated using rotational speed of 1120rpm, a welding speed of 40 mm/min, taper thread pin profile, tool shoulder diameter of 18 mm, (D/d)=3.0 showed higher tensile properties compared to other joints.

Gene effects were analysed using mean stomatal number and specific leaf weight of 12 populations, consisting of both parents (P 1 and P 2 ), F 1 , F 2 , first backcross generations (BC 1 and BC 2 ), second backcross generations (B 11 , B 12 , B 21 , B 22 ) and backcross selfed generations (B 1 s and B 2 s) of four crosses involving three drought-tolerant and three drought-susceptible cultivars of Triticum aestivum L. to determine the nature of gene action governing stomatal number (SN) and specific leaf weight (SLW) through generation mean analysis in moisture stress (E 1 ) and moisture non-stress (E 2 ) environments. The digenic epistatic model was found to be inadequate for stomatal number and the additive-dominance model was found to be adequate for specific leaf weight in most of the crosses. Additive gene effects were predominant for SLW, while for SN both additive and dominance components of variance were important. Epistatic effects, particularly the additive × dominance (j) type of interaction, were present for both the characters. The duplicate type of epistasis was observed for stomatal number in the cross VL421/HS240 in the moisture stress environment. Significant heterosis was observed for the crosses Hindi 62/HS240 and VL421/HS240 over the standard check (SC) in the moisture stress environment (E 1 ) for both the characters. Genotype-environmental interactions and/or differential gene expression appeared to account for the different results found between environments. Hybridization systems, such as biparental mating and/or diallel selective mating, could be useful for the improvement of these traits, which would help in identifying drought-tolerant progenies.