The distribution of Bacillus thuringiensis in Egyptian soils of cotton cultivations represented by 11 governorates was studied. This study aimed to isolate indigenous strains that may be potent against some lepidopterous insect pests. Out of 45 isolates, only 10 were effective and they showed high levels of toxicity against the target insects at 500 μg/ml (80% larval mortality or higher). Among these 10 isolates, two isolates were potent against Spodoptera littoralis, two isolates were potent against Helicoverpa (= Heliothis) armigera, seven isolates were potent against Pectinophora gossypiella, but none were potent against Agrotis ypsilon. LC50 and LC90 values and the potency of the B. thuringiensis isolates have been determined. Trials were conducted to isolate B. thuringiensis from diseased lepidopterous insects collected from the same locations, but all isolates showed low potential activity against the target insects. These findings showed promise for the possible use of some indigenous B. thuringiensis strains in the control of lepidopterous pests in Egypt.

Anthelmintic activity of benzimidazole carbamate anthelmintics is low against dormant Toxocara canis larvae during late infections in paratenic hosts. The present study was conducted to examine the efficacy of pure fenbendazole, or drug incorporated into sterically stabilized liposomes (SL-FBZ) administered to T. canis-infected mice alone and after its co-administration with the immunomodulator (1 → 3)-ß-d-glucan against larvae localized in muscles and brains. Therapy with either drug forms (in total 250 mg/kg in 10 doses) commenced on day 28 post-infection (p.i.) and the efficacy of treatment, examined on day 30 after the last dose of drug, was the highest in groups of mice treated with SL-FBZ in combination with glucan (89.5 ± 5.8% in the muscles, 66.1 ± 8.1% in brains). During 56 days of follow-up after termination of therapy, serum levels of anti-TES IgG antibodies, circulating IgG-TES immune complexes (CIC) as well as IgG antibodies to the most immunogenic part of recombinant myosin antigen of T. canis larvae were investigated. In contrast to anti-TES IgG antibodies, levels of CIC and anti-myosin antibodies were in the linear correlation with the efficacy of treatments beginning from day 38 post-therapy. We also showed that the serum levels of CIC as well as anti-myosin IgG antibodies seem to be the suitable serological markers for the monitoring of progress in larval destruction and TES resorption from the tissues.

The pages: CP-51 and CP-54 of Bacillus cereus, together with P-4 and P-14 of B. sphaericus were tested against B. thuringiensis and B. sphaericus strains. P-4 and P-14 were more different in their host range than the other two phages. Results of the bioassay against Culex pipiens larvae presented the inhibition in the larvicidal effects of phage-infected bacteria. Such inhibitory action varied according to the phage and the entomopathogenic bacterial strains.

AbstractThe pages: CP‐51 and CP‐54 of Bacillus cereus, together with P‐4 and P‐14 of B. sphaericus were tested against B. thuringiensis and B. sphaericus strains. P‐4 and P‐14 were more different in their host range than the other two phages. Results of the bioassay against Culex pipiens larvae presented the inhibition in the larvicidal effects of phage‐infected bacteria. Such inhibitory action varied according to the phage and the entomopathogenic bacterial strains.ZusammenfassungWirkungen verschiedener Phagen von Bacillus spp. auf die larvizide Potenz von B. thuringiensis und B. sphaericusEs wurden die Phagen CP‐51 und CP‐54 von Bacillus cereus zusammen mit P‐4 und P‐14 von B. sphaericus gegen Stämme von B. thuringiensis und B. sphaericus getestet. P‐4 und P‐14 wiesen größere Unterschiede in ihrem Wirtskreis auf als die anderen zwei Phagen. Die Ergebnisse gegen Culex pipiens‐Larven zeigten eine Hemmung der larviziden Wirkung von mit Phagen infizierten Bakterien. Diese Hemmungswirkung variierte je nach Phagus und Bakterien‐Stamm.

Naturally present ditches of polluted and non-polluted mosquito breeding places were selected for this work. Water samples were collected before the spraying of the commercially used larvicides Bacillus thuringiensis H-14 and B. sphaericus 1593. Additional samples were obtained 72 h, 1 week, 2 weeks and 3 weeks after spraying. Phages for B. sphaericus only were detected after 72 h and thereafter. The larvicidal effect on Culex pipiens larvae was inhibited significantly with B. sphaericus in the presence of phage-containing filtered water samples. Such inhibition increased with time.

Journal Article The characterization of Leishmania major from Phlebotomus papatasi (Scopoli) caught in northern Sinai, Egypt Get access M.M. Wahba, M.M. Wahba 1Ain Shams Research and Training Centre on Vectors of Diseases, Ain Shams University, Abassia, Cairo, Egypt Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar L.F. Schnur, L.F. Schnur 2Kuvin Centre for the Study of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar T.A. Morsy, T.A. Morsy 1Ain Shams Research and Training Centre on Vectors of Diseases, Ain Shams University, Abassia, Cairo, Egypt Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar A. Merdan A. Merdan 1Ain Shams Research and Training Centre on Vectors of Diseases, Ain Shams University, Abassia, Cairo, Egypt Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Transactions of The Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, Volume 84, Issue 6, November-December 1990, Pages 785–786, https://doi.org/10.1016/0035-9203(90)90079-T Published: 01 November 1990 Article history Received: 21 May 1990 Accepted: 12 July 1990 Published: 01 November 1990

12 water and/or mud samples from different mosquito habitats were tested for the presence of phages specific to Bacillus spp. 37 plaque morphologies were detected on B. thuringiensis. H-14, B. thuringiensis Berliner, B. sphaericus 1593, B. sphaericus IF-114. Samples number 1, 11, 12, 5 and 10 decreased the mortality rates of B. thuringiensis H-14 when added to the larvicidal bioassay system of Culex pipiens. Samples number 5, 11, 9, 12 inhibited the larvicidal activity of B. sphaericus. Ultrafiltrates of water samples, which harbored high numbers of the detected phages exerted more inhibition in the larvicidal potentiality of the tested entomopathogenic bacteria.

Résumé  Trois isolats de polyèdres nucléaires deSpodoptera littoralis Boisduval (isolats Egypte, Maroc et Lyon) sont comparés entre eux et avec des préparations de polyèdres nucléaires des lépidoptèresBombyx mori L.,Galleria mellonella L.,Lymantria dispar L. etAutographa californica Speyer. L'analyse porte à la fois sur la composition peptidique des virions, sur le poids moléclaire des protéines des polyèdres et sur les parentés antigéniques entre ces protéines. Nous montrons que chaque espèce de lépidoptères possède un type différent de virus et que les trois isolats de polyèdres nucléaires obtenus chezS. littoralis sont très semblables. Cependant l'isolat Lyon diffère des deux autres et se compose d'un mélange de deux souches. La première souche commune aux trois isolats se propage à la fois sur larves deS. littoralis etSpodoptera exigua Hübner, tandis que la seconde souche propre à l'isolat Lyon ne se multiplie que sur larves deS. littoralis.

Trois isolats de polyèdres nucléaires deSpodoptera littoralisBoisduval (isolats Egypte, Maroc et Lyon) sont comparés entre eux et avec des préparations de polyèdres nucléaires des lépidoptèresBombyx mori L.,Galleria mellonella L.,Lymantria dispar L. etAutographa californicaSpeyer. L'analyse porte à la fois sur la composition peptidique des virions, sur le poids moléclaire des protéines des polyèdres et sur les parentés antigéniques entre ces protéines.

Trois isolats de polyèdres nucléaires de (isolats Egypte, Maroc et Lyon) sont comparés entre eux et avec des préparations de polyèdres nucléaires des lépidoptères L., L., L. et. L'analyse porte à la fois sur la composition peptidique des virions, sur le poids moléclaire des protéines des polyèdres et sur les parentés antigéniques entre ces protéines.Nous montrons que chaque espèce de lépidoptères possède un type différent de virus et que les trois isolats de polyèdres nucléaires obtenus chez sont très semblables. Cependant l'isolat Lyon diffère des deux autres et se compose d'un mélange de deux souches. La première souche commune aux trois isolats se propage à la fois sur larves de et, tandis que la seconde souche propre à l'isolat Lyon ne se multiplie que sur larves de.Three NPV isolates of (Egypt, Maroc and Lyon isolates) are studied and compared to NPV of L., L., L. and. Polyhedron protein and peptide analyses as well as immunological comparisons were performed.Each of lepidopterous species possesses a different virus type. The 3 isolates coming from are similar. Nevertheless, Lyon isolate is a mixture of 2 closely related strains. The 1st strain multiplies in and larvae and is found in the 3 isolates. The 2nd strain belongs only to Lyon isolate and does not develop in larvae. The polyhedron protein molecular weight of the strain 1 is 30 590 and that of the strain 2 is 28 533. Strain 2 has 1 extrapeptide of MW 80 000 in addition to 11 virion peptides common to the both strains.Attention is drawn to the importance of NPV isolates differences for the bioinsecticide characterization.

AbstractNatural mortality of Spodoptera littoralis, S. exigua, Pieris rapae or Bombyx mori was not affected by feeding on foliage containing antibacterial substances. Mortality due to infect‐ivity by certain spore‐formers crystalliferous Bacillus preparations was markedly lower when insects were fed on foliage possessing antibacterial activity than on inactive plant foliage. The levels of susceptibility, however, varied in different insects depending on the type of foliage and the entomopathogen. S. littoralis was the most resistant, followed by S. exigua; while P. rapae and B. mori were highly susceptible. The highest resistance occurred when insects were fed with Morus alba leaves.ZusammenfassungÜber den Einfluß der Fraßpflanze auf die Empfindlichkeit von Insekten gegen bakterielle KrankheitenDie natürliche Sterblichkeit von Spodoptera littoralis, S. exigua, Pieris rapae oder Bombyx mori wurde durch Kontaminierung der Fraßpflanze mit antibakteriellen Substanzen nicht beeinflußt. Dagegen wurde die Anfälligkeit dieser Insekten gegen verschiedene sporen‐bildende bakterielle Krankheiten durch diese Behandlung deutlich reduziert. Der Grad der Empfindlichkeit schwankte nach Insektenart, Pflanzenart und Endopathogen. S. littoralis erwies sich als am widerstandsfähigsten, gefolgt von S. exigua, während R. rapae und B. mori hochempfindlich waren. Den höchsten Resistenzgrad erreichten die Insekten bei Fütterung mit behandelten Maulbeerblättern.

Orientation tests of the antibacterial activity in crushed foliage, leaf juices and extracts indicated that only 12 plant species out of 55 tested plants could inhibit the growth of certain entomopathogenic bacteria of the crystalliferous spore-forming group. The sensitivity of tested bacterial preparations to the foliage materials of the active 12 plants was markedly variable. Gut contents of certain phytophagous insects fed foliage of antibacterial active plants did derive inhibitory activity, mostly, higher than the same foliage extract.