Background The COVID-19 pandemic underscored the central role of primary health care in managing patients with complex and chronic health conditions. In response, the Italian government launched a reform of the National Health Service, introducing Community Health Care Centers (“Case della Comunità”) as a key pillar of the new primary care model. Evidence is needed on which organizational features of such centers best support integrated, high-quality care. Objective This scoping review synthesized international evidence on community health care centers characterized by integrated care and co-location of professionals, to identify organizational elements relevant to the Italian reform. Methods We conducted a scoping review of international literature on community health care centers. Included studies were assessed using eight integration domains derived from Valentijn’s taxonomy, which were combined into an overall integration score. Additional features, including horizontal collaboration, accessibility, home care, and multiprofessional integration, were also analyzed. Results Statistical analysis showed a positive association between horizontal collaboration, overall level of integration, and multiprofessional integration. Centers with higher integration and stronger horizontal collaboration more often reported improved organization of services and care for people with complex or chronic conditions. Conclusions These findings support Community Health Care Centers in Italy as integrated, multiprofessional hubs within the primary care network, where strengthened horizontal collaboration may improve quality and continuity of care for complex and chronic patients.

Objective To summarise the evidence so far from all randomised controlled trials on the efficacy of communication of polygenic risk scores in changing health outcomes.Design Systematic review and meta-analysis.Data sources Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) and Pubmed, from inception to 1 March 2025.Eligibility criteria for selecting studies Randomised controlled trials in human participants; articles published or accepted for publication in peer reviewed journals, or with available results on ClinicalTrials.gov, without time restriction in any language; and randomised controlled trials comparing the disclosure of inherited genetic risk obtained through the polygenic risk score for any phenotype (intervention group) with scenarios where no genetic information was provided (comparator group).Results Of 7830 articles retrieved, 27 randomised controlled trials were eligible for inclusion in the analysis. Polygenic risk scores mainly predicted risks for cancer (n=9 randomised controlled trials), cardiovascular diseases (n=8), and diabetes (n=6). 21 randomised controlled trials targeted mainly healthy populations, three targeted at-risk populations, and three trials targeted individuals who had already developed a disease and the polygenic risk score predicted complications. Most randomised controlled trials (15/27) concluded in their abstracts with favourable claims about the polygenic risk score, with only 5/15 trials justifying the score with any significant results. Nine of the 27 randomised controlled trials had a high risk of bias. Meta-analysis showed no significant effects on any of the 22 outcomes tested in two or more trials. Standardised mean differences for dietary outcomes were −0.11 (95% confidence interval (CI) −0.22 to 0.01) for daily energy intake, 0.03 (−0.18 to 0.25) for daily fat intake, and −0.11 (−0.28 to 0.06) for alcohol consumption. For physical activity, standardised mean difference was −0.01 (95% CI −0.13 to 0.11). Relative risks were 1.12 (95% CI 0.77 to 1.61) for screening attendance, 1.50 (0.98 to 2.29) for use of statins, and 0.95 (0.32 to 2.79) for incidence of disease. For psychological outcomes, standardised mean differences were −0.02 (95% CI −0.13 to 0.08) for anxiety, −0.06 (−0.23 to 0.10) for worry, −0.04 (−0.21 to 0.13) for perceived risk, and −0.05 (−0.23 to 0.13) for depression. For clinical outcomes, mean differences were −2.01 (95% CI −8.27 to 4.26) for total cholesterol, −3.64 (−7.88 to 0.60) for low density lipoprotein cholesterol, −0.21 (−2.65 to 2.23) for high density lipoprotein cholesterol, −1.88 (−4.17 to 0.42) for diastolic blood pressure, −1.26 (−4.44 to 1.92) for systolic blood pressure, −0.12 (−0.63 to 0.39) for body mass index, and −0.33 (−0.87 to 0.20) for weight. 80 outcomes were reported across multiple studies, with each outcome reported in a single trial only. 19 of 80 were primary outcomes, and of these two had significant results (P<0.05), as did three secondary outcomes.Conclusions Overall, despite frequent promising claims, disclosure of polygenic risk scores did not result in meaningful changes in behavioural, psychological, or clinical measures for the outcomes examined. Although when interpreting the findings the heterogeneity and methodological limitations of the available trials should be considered, communication of polygenic risk scores did not show consistent improvements in preventive behaviours or risk factor modification.Systematic review registration Open Science Framework doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/28V6J

Urban green spaces are consistently associated with health benefits, but evidence is limited for Southern European compact cities. The relationship between urban structure, green areas, and chronic disease prevalence was examined in the 273 municipalities of Tuscany, Italy. This ecological cross-sectional study used exposure data from remote sensing and land use datasets. Exposure variables included the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), percentage of impervious surfaces, and urban spatial metrics. Municipality-level health outcomes, collected from Tuscany's health data portal, were diabetes mellitus, ischemic heart disease, heart failure and dementia point prevalence. Cluster analyses were conducted and prevalence ratios with 95% confidence intervals were estimated using robust Poisson regression models adjusting for potential confounders, i.e. spatial autocorrelation, urbanicity and socio-demographic factors. We found suggestive evidence of an inverse association between NDVI and ischemic heart disease prevalence (PR 0.985, 95% CI: 0.958-1.013 per 0.1 NDVI increase). Greater landscape compactness (LCPI) was associated with lower prevalence of ischemic heart disease and dementia per IQR increase. Conversely, higher edge density was associated with increased ischemic heart disease prevalence (PR 1.035, 95% CI: 1.009-1.061). Polycentric municipalities showed higher ischemic heart disease prevalence compared to sprawling areas (PR 1.041, 95% CI: 1.014-1.070). Moderate-density semi-structured municipalities (good green coverage, moderate presence of built-up areas, moderate fragmentation), had lower prevalence of ischemic heart disease (PR 0.959, 95% CI: 0.928-0.992) and diabetes (PR 0.964, 95% CI: 0.941-0.989) compared to low-density fragmented municipalities. Strategic urban and greenspace planning may help reduce the burden of chronic diseases in Tuscany and similar settings.

Background and Objectives : Value-Based Healthcare (VBHC) has emerged as a transformative framework to improve outcomes while controlling costs, but its adoption entails complex organizational change. This study aims to investigate how hospital managers and clinicians perceive the implementation of VBHC. Methodology : A mirrored cross-sectional survey was administered to managers, physicians, and nurses using the Embrace Value-Driven Change tool, developed through Delphi expert consensus to assess Value Agenda adoption and Change Management strategies. Exploratory factor analysis (principal axis factoring, promax rotation) identified underlying constructs. Linear regression models with job position as the primary exposure, adjusted for age, gender and years of service in the organization, were fitted separately for factor scores and, in secondary exploratory analyses, for individual Likert items. Results : We collected responses from 9 managers, 66 physicians, and 19 nurses. Factor analysis yielded two interpretable factors: Value Agenda Operations (18.6% of variance) and Change Management Implementation (39.1% of variance). No association was observed between job position and Value Agenda factor scores across any model specification. In contrast, Change Management scores were lower among nursing staff (β = −1.18, 95% CI: −1.97 to −0.39) and physicians (β = −0.74, 95% CI: −1.44 to −0.04) compared to managers. Item-level analyses identified urgency, vision communication, training, and effectiveness assessment as the domains with the greatest role-based divergence. Conclusion : The study highlighted misalignments in change management perceptions across professional roles. Strengthening communication, staff engagement, and patient empowerment emerges as crucial for consolidating value-oriented transformation.

BACKGROUND:Timely primary percutaneous coronary intervention (pPCI) is the most important treatment to improve outcomes in ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI), with a strong relationship between treatment delays and morbidity and mortality. The present study aims to define the main steps for setting up a real-time digital monitoring dashboard to improve the clinical performance of STEMI management and to evaluate the impact of its implementation on the proportion of patients receiving primary percutaneous coronary intervention (pPCI) within 90 min. METHODS:The set-up of the digital monitoring system required the definition of detailed algorithms for the diagnosis, treatment, and rehab/follow-up phase. For each patient with a diagnosis of STEMI included in the clinical pathway (CP) a multidisciplinary working group identified i) rules for flagging patients alongside the CP, based on specific risk scores; ii) the critical points of the CP to be monitored, such as door-to-balloon time, intensive care unit length of stay, and total hospital length of stay. An interrupted time series analysis and multivariable logistic regression models were performed to assess for changes in the outcome (pPCI within 90 min) after the platform implementation, adjusting for temporal and individual confounders. RESULTS:After the introduction of the dashboard, the proportion of timely pPCI improved from 40 % pre-implementation to 65 % post-implementation. Adjusted models indicated a twofold increase in the odds of meeting the 90-minute benchmark (OR = 2.00; 95 % CI: 0.99-4.12). CONCLUSION:The real-time monitoring system showed a positive impact on the timely management of STEMI, highlighting the potential for improving healthcare efficiency and patient outcomes.

IntroductionClimate change significantly impacts the health and future of adolescents, yet they have limited ability to prevent its effects, leaving them especially vulnerable to climate anxiety. The present study aims to first explore the psychometric properties of the Climate Change Anxiety Scale among adolescents in Italy (Study 1), and to investigate the psychological pathways through which climate change anxiety impacts adolescents’ pro-environmental attitudes, examining the mediating roles of climate change worry and rumination related to eco-anxiety (Study 2).MethodsIn Study 1, the psychometric properties (i.e., dimensionality, internal consistency, sex invariance and convergent validity) of the CCAS were explored using a sample of 250 high school students (45.60% F, Mage = 16.13, SDage = 1.44). In Study 2, the mediation model was tested in a new sample of 250 high school students (51.60% F, Mage = 16.12, SDage = 1.58).ResultsIn Study 1, the CCAS showed a two-factor structure (i.e., cognitive impairment and functional impairment) with a good fit [χ2 (df) = 83.980(64), p = 0.05; RMSEA [90% CI] = 0.02[0.002;0.025]; CFI = 0.995; SRMR = 0.054]. McDonald’s Omega values were 0.91 and 0.87. Sex invariance was obtained only at the configural level. Both the CCAS factors were positively correlated with climate change worry, whereas only cognitive impairment was positively associated with pro-environmental attitudes. In Study 2, results of the mediation model showed that higher CCAS predicted both higher climate change worry and higher rumination related to eco-anxiety, which in turn predicted higher pro-environmental attitudes. The direct path from CCAS to pro-environmental attitudes was also significant, indicating a negative relationship. The model explained 17% of the total variance, and all the indirect effects were significant.DiscussionThe CCAS showed satisfactory psychometric properties among Italian adolescents. The exploratory model suggests that in adolescents, worry and rumination may have an adaptive role by transforming climate change anxiety into pro-environmental attitudes.

The purpose of this systematic review and meta-analysis is to summarize evidence from all RCTs to-date on the efficacy of polygenic risk score (PRS) communication in changing health outcomes. Systematic review and meta-analysis. Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) and Pubmed, from inception to March 2025. Randomized controlled trials comparing disclosure versus non-disclosure of PRS results. Intervention included comunication of risk information from ≥ 2 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNPs). Pairs of reviewers conducted screening, extracted data and assessed risk of bias. Meta-analyses were conducted using inverse variance-weighting with fixed and random effects models. Otto-SR was used to verify screening and data extraction. Risk of bias was assessed with the Cochrane Risk of Bias 2 (RoB-2) tool. All measurable health-related outcomes were considered eligible. Of 7,830 articles retrieved, 27 RCTs were eligible. PRSs mainly predicted risks for cancer (n=9 RCTs), cardiovascular diseases (n=8), and diabetes (n=6). 21 RCTs targeted primarily healthy populations, 3 at-risk populations and 3 individuals who had already developed a disease and PRS predicted complications. 15/26 RCTs concluded in their abstracts with favorable claims about the PRS, with only 5/15 justifying it with any statistically significant results. 9/26 RCTs had high risk of bias. Meta-analysis revealed no statistically significant effects on any measured outcome, among 22 outcomes tested in 2 or more trials. Standardized mean differences (SMDs) (95% CI) for dietary outcomes were −0.11 (−0.23; 0.01) for daily energy intake, 0.08 (−0.15; 0.31) for daily fat intake and −0.11 (−0.28; 0.06) for alcohol consumption. For physical activity, SMD was −0.01 (−0.13; 0.11). Relative risks were 1.12 (0.77; 1.61) for screening attendance, 1.50 (0.98; 2.29) for statin use, and 0.95 (0.32; 2.79) for disease incidence. For psychological outcomes, SMDs were −0.02 (−0.13; 0.08) for anxiety, −0.06 (−0.23; 0.10) for worry, −0.10 (−0.40-0.19) for perceived risk, and −0.05 (−0.23; 0.13) for depression. For clinical outcomes, mean differences were −2.01 (−8.27; 4.26) for total cholesterol, −3.64 (−7.88; 0.60) for LDL cholesterol, −0.21 (−2.65; 2.23) for HDL cholesterol, −1.88 (−4.17;0.42) for diastolic blood pressure, −1.26 (−4.44; 1.92) for systolic blood pressure, −0.12 (−0.64; 0.39) for BMI and −0.33 (−0.87; 0.20) for weight. 69 outcomes had been reported in only a single trial (18/69 primary ones), and of those 2 had statistically significant results at p<0.05 as primary outcomes and 3 as secondary outcomes. Overall, despite frequent promising claims, the disclosure of PRS typically did not lead to meaningful changes in behavioral, psychological or clinical outcomes. OpenScience Framework: doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/28V6J - Polygenic risk scores (PRSs) represents one of the most promising approaches of personalized medicine where communication of genetic information is expected to improve behavior and health outcomes. - Previous reviews have evaluated the communication of genetic risk but none have evaluated yet the effect of specifically PRS. - Since PRSs implementation in clinical practice is contemplated, rigorous evaluation of their impact is valuable for further implementation. - PRS communication effects were close to null for a large set of outcomes, demonstrating no improvement in preventive behaviours, including screening adherence or clinical measures. - High heterogeneity in RCTs in the field is present with small sample sizes, short follow-up periods, and many self-reported outcomes. - A gap is evident between the theoretical promise of PRS-guided prevention and its lack of documented real-world effectiveness.

Background: Education has a pivotal role in preparing society to address the forthcoming health impacts of the climate crisis. Education provides the tools necessary to instil both individual and collective attitudes for mitigating climate change, fosters the development of adaptive skills and mindsets, and promotes a critical understanding of climate change. The aim of the PERSIST project was to assess the effectiveness of a school educational intervention to strengthen literacy on the climate crisis, pro-environmental behaviours, and systems thinking in high school students (aged 14–18 years). Methods: Three meetings were carried out in a scientific high school in the suburbs of Rome (Italy) between March 21, and April 12, 2023, using complex systems models, group activities, and collective discussions. Pre-intervention and post-intervention questionnaires were administered to students to record knowledge, climate-related emotions, and pro-environmental behaviours. Questionnaires that were complete were considered valid. The anonymously collected data were processed using descriptive statistics and t test. Findings: A total of 273 students in ten different classes attending between grades 1 and 4 took part in the project. 78 (36%) participants were female, 133 (62%) were male, and four (2%) did not disclose their gender. The mean age was 15 years. We received 211 pairs of valid pre-intervention and post-intervention questionnaires. The preliminary analysis showed an average increase of 19% in correct responses to knowledge questions, a 21·2% increase in pro-environmental behaviours, and no discernible differences in climate-related emotions between pre-intervention and post-intervention questionnaires. Interpretation: An interactive approach and the use of complex systems might improve students' literacy and attitudes towards the climate crisis, without increasing negative ecological emotions. This pilot project can guide similar, repeatable programmes in other schools and countries and it represents the first measure of climate-related emotions after school intervention. Funding: None.

Abstract Background Polygenic Risk Score (PRS) represents a promising advancement in personalized medicine, enabling the inherited risk assessment for disease outcomes based on the effect of various common genetic variants. The utilization of PRS information to promote the adoption of healthier behaviors has witnessed an increase interest in recent years, but its full potential still needs to be fully addressed. Methods This systematic review aims to assess the efficacy of disclosing PRS information on individuals’ engagement in risk-reducing interventions. CENTRAL database has been searched up to December 2023 to identify randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing the disclosure of PRS results, with scenarios where other or no information is provided. We performed a preliminary meta-analysis on the mean difference of clinical and psychological outcomes between the two arms. Results Out of 4419 results, we included 12 studies. Trials focused on primary (83%), secondary (8%) and tertiary (8%) preventive interventions. As for the possible diseases predicted by the PRS, cardiovascular diseases (33%) were the most common (n = 4), along with cancers (33%), diabetes (25%) and metabolic disease (8%). PRS result disclosure was compared to standard care (n = 7), no information provided (n = 4), and family risk (n = 1). By pooling data from four comparable studies, we report a reduction in the mean difference for LDL cholesterol in the intervention group of -6.39mg/dL (95%CI -10.09, -2.70, I²=0%, p < 0.001). No significant changes were observed for systolic and diastolic blood pressure, and weight, in 3 studies and 4 analyzed studies, respectively. An increase in anxiety levels was observed towards the PRS group in 4 studies (SMD 0.24, 95%CI 0.02, 0.46, I² = 66%, p = 0.03). Conclusions Preliminary analysis show small or no effects of PRS disclosure on intermediate health or psychological outcomes. Larger trials assessing the potentiality of PRS disclosure are still needed. Key messages • From the analysis of twelve preventive trials on the efficacy of PRS on behavior change, we report a positive effect on LDL cholesterol reduction. • Larger well conducted trials are needed to integrate PRS-based information into future preventive strategies.

Abstract Background Climate change poses serious challenges to Public Health, including mental health impacts. In Italy, few studies investigated the rise of eco-anxiety, especially among adolescents, who are the main group affected by this feeling. Specific measurement tools for this population are needed to fill this gap. The aim is to adapt the Italian version of the Climate Change Anxiety Scale (CCAS) to adolescents, and pair it with a socioeconomic and demographic questionnaire (SDQ) to assess determinants. Methods The Italian CCAS was modified for adolescents through a process involving a literature review, expert discussions, and a pretest. This adapted version (a-CCAS) was tested with individuals aged 14-18 years old, maintaining an ideal ratio of 10 respondents per item. Extant psychometric scales were utilized to assess its validity. The SDQ was developed from results of a systematic review of known associations between socioeconomic and demographic factors and eco-anxiety in youth, and expert discussions, and validated by piloting the SDQ with another sample of adolescents. Internal consistency of the a-CCAS and SDQ was assessed by Cronbach’s alpha (Cα). Results The a-CCAS kept most of its original content, comprising 13 items and 2 subscales: cognitive and functional impairment. Pilot respondents were 162; Cα coefficient was >0.7 for both subscales. Convergent and concurrent validity showed positive correlations with the extant scales. The SDQ comprised 12 items in 3 domains: family, social and political-environmental determinants. Respondents were 47 and Cα coefficient was >0.7. Conclusions The a-CCAS and SDQ are valid tools for assessing baseline eco-anxiety and its determinants in Italian adolescents and can contribute to Public Health efforts to reduce the climate-related mental health burden, by measuring the impact of specific educational interventions about climate change targeted at the young. This questionnaire was created as part of the PRIN P2022JJ3LB project. Key messages • These results contribute to filling an evidence gap on eco-anxiety and its socioeconomic and demographic determinants among Italian adolescents by providing researchers with a valid measurement tool. • This tool holds promise for assessing the impact of psychologically-informed educational interventions about climate change and adaptive coping strategies on adolescents’ eco-anxiety levels.

Abstract Non-technical summary Healthcare systems significantly impact the environment, which in turn affects human health. To address this, we propose to revise a popular framework for healthcare improvement, by introducing the advancement of planetary health (the health of both humans and the natural systems) among the aims that health systems should pursue. This approach suggests reducing medical service needs through disease prevention, minimizing environmental impacts, and supporting global efforts to protect planetary health. Practical applications to bring about these pathways are documented in the literature. Technical summary Restoring the health of the planet, with concurrent benefits for human civilization, is paramount. Healthcare systems play a crucial role in this regard, considering the environmental impact of health services. Widely recognized approaches to designing healthcare systems for the optimization of their performance are based on the pursuit of multiple aims, such as the Triple Aim and Quadruple Aim frameworks. The objective of this work is to revise the latter by substituting ‘Advance Planetary Health’ for ‘Improve Population Health’. The objective of advancing planetary health supports all other pre-existing objectives: lowering costs, enhancing patient experience, team wellbeing, and population health, which directly relates to planetary health. Health systems promoting planetary health reduce the need for medical services through disease prevention and health promotion, pursue the provision of appropriate care, minimize the overall environmental impact of medical services, and support planetary health initiatives across all sectors and society. Multiple interconnected pathways exist to operationalize the above components. A revised quadruple aim for healthcare improvement, aligned with social and economic goals of sustainable prosperity and wellbeing, may be a desirable step toward constructing planetary health systems capable of maximizing the health of humans and natural systems. Social media summary It's time for new ‘planetary health systems’: focusing on planetary health to enhance healthcare performance. #PlanetaryHealth #ClimateCrisis #HealthcareImprovement.

Abstract Background Living in urban areas has been linked to a rise in noncommunicable diseases. Nevertheless, there is scarcity of evidence emphasizing the combined impacts of certain urban attributes (e.g. pollution, excessive soil sealing, urban temperatures) and the existence of green spaces on health outcomes. Further studies are imperative to evaluate the association between chronic illnesses such as dementia and ischemic heart disease, and the presence of urban green areas. Methods We conducted an ecological study in two Italian regions. Prevalence of chronic diseases in Tuscany and Latium were obtained at the municipality level from public health databases available online and Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) was calculated for 2023. Descriptive analyses and Poisson regression models were run to assess the association between green space and chronic diseases prevalence, adjusting for age, sex, education, employment, foreign residents, income, urbanicity and spatial correlation. Results Preliminary analyses were conducted on 273 municipalities in Tuscany. Mean prevalence per 1000 inhabitants of dementia and ischemic heart disease were 15.75 (SD = 5.3) and 48.25 (SD = 11.06), respectively. Mean NDVI across municipalities was 0.37 (SD = 0.04). Higher green exposure is associated with lower prevalence of ischemic heart disease (β= -0.21; p < 0.05) and dementia (β=-0.3, p < 0.05). Analyses will be executed for the Latium region and complete results will be available by mid-June. Conclusions The presence of urban greenery appears to be associated with a reduction in chronic illnesses. While further studies are warranted, it is crucial to adopt urban policies focused on green spaces and citizens’ health outcomes. Generating evidence for decision-makers is essential for shaping urban environments in ways that promote both health and overall human wellbeing. Key messages • Living in green urban areas appears to positively impact human health, reducing chronic disease prevalence. • Greenery serve as a tool for mitigating and adapting to the climate crisis, promoting health.

Objective To analyze the research status of clinical governance (CG); the most productive authors, countries and organizations; connections among research themes.Methods We used a ‘funnel model’, consisting of 3 layers describing various CG domains and settings. We retrieved bibliometric data from 1998 to 2021 from the Scopus database. Text mining, visual analysis, descriptive statistics and data visualization were performed. Citation bursts were detected.Results The total number of studies was 2429. On a global scale, there is a swinging trend in publications, with four peaks detected (2000, 2009, 2013, 2021). Citation burst keywords include: “national health service”, “medical audit”, “psychological aspect”, “quality improvement” and “surveys and questionnaires”. UK is the most productive and cited country. The most active organizations were in the UK, Australia, USA, Italy and Iran. The most productive journals and authors were identified. The most frequent keywords identified were ‘health care quality’, ‘clinical governance’, ‘organization and management’ and ‘medical audit’. Research trends for each CG domain and setting type were reported.Conclusion By using scientometric methodology, we created a thorough scientific picture on CG, including the mapping of pivotal concepts as a function of time.

Abstract Background The climate crisis greatly affects mental health, often leading to climate change anxiety. In Italy, there is a lack of research and school programs to help manage climate anxiety and other climate-related psychological consequences. The aim of the CAMBIO CLIMA project is to evaluate the levels of eco-anxiety and pro-environmental behaviours (PEBS) in a sample of Italian middle and high school students, before and after a tailored intervention on the climate crisis. Methods The intervention involves one hundred middle and high school classes from three Italian regions. The students will complete a set of surveys, including psychometric scales and questions on socio-demographic factors and climate change awareness. The students will then participate in a two-hour online workshop. A video will be shown at the beginning to raise awareness about climate change. The instructor will ask the students which solutions could be found to solve specific problems caused by climate change. The instructor will then propose and explain a list of PEBS that students can implement to fight against climate change. Finally, students will be invited to put into action these behaviours. A week after the intervention, students will be asked to take part in a post-intervention survey, completing the same set of questionnaires they completed at enrolment. Results Currently, the research team is in the preparatory stage, establishing contacts with schools and organizing materials for the online workshop. The intervention is scheduled for the upcoming school year. Conclusions The intervention, focused on enhancing the sense of self-efficacy, is expected to increase the resilience of adolescents, making them less vulnerable to the impact, both direct and indirect, of climate change on mental health. The project is funded by PRIN: PROGETTI DI RICERCA DI RILEVANTE INTERESSE NAZIONALE - Bando 2022 (Prot. 2022N22J5F). Key messages • Climate change has a disproportionate impact on young people. • It is essential to plan adequate school programs that stimulate the sense of awareness and encourage PEBS simultaneously.