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Part II addresses abiotic, or noninfectious, diseases and disorders of bedding plants. Discussions of specific diseases and disorders generally address signs and symptoms, damage, management, and references. The topics included in Part II are as follows: Air Pollution / 99 Excess or Insufficient Light / 100 Nutritional Imbalances / 101 Nutritional Deficiencies / 101 Excessive Levels of Soluble Salts / 102 Micronutrient Toxicities / 102 Pesticide Toxicity (Phytotoxicity) / 102 Water Imbalances / 103

Part III addresses arthropod pests of bedding plants. Discussions of specific pests generally address biology, damage, management, and references. The topics included in Part III are as follows: Overview / 105 Seed and Cutting Propagation / 105 Production of Annual Bedding Plants / 105 After Installation into Landscapes / 107 Management Strategies / 108 Arthropod Pests of Bedding Plants / 113 American Serpentine Leafminer / 113 Aphids / 114 Aster Leafhopper / 116 Bandedwinged Whitefly / 117 Broad Mite / 117 Caterpillars / 118 Chilli Thrips / 120 Citrus Mealybug / 120 Cyclamen Mite / 121 Fourlined Plant Bug / 122 Fungus Gnats / 123 Greenhouse Thrips / 123 Greenhouse Whitefly / 124 Japanese Beetle / 125 Potato Leafhopper / 126 Shore Flies / 127 Slugs and Snails / 128 Spotted Cucumber Beetle / 129 Sweetpotato Whitefly / 129 Tarnished Plant Bug / 130 Twospotted Spider Mite / 130 Western Flower Thrips / 132

Fusarium wilt diseases have been a serious problem for the greenhouse production of key ornamentals (e.g., chrysanthemum and carnation) and vegetables (e.g., tomato, cucurbits, lettuce, and basil) for many years. The early failure of available fungicides to achieve a high level of control over these diseases led to exploration and development of alternative methods, including clean stock production through tissue culture, soil steaming and fumigation, resistant cultivars, nutritional management, and biological control. One of the few fungicides recommended for control of Fusarium wilt on greenhouse crops was benomyl, which is no longer available for ornamentals in the United States. Since 2000, a number of new active ingredients have been introduced and evaluated for control of Fusarium wilt on some ornamentals and vegetables grown in greenhouses. However, the number of chemicals registered for use on vegetables and ornamentals has strongly decreased (except in the United States) because of the loss of many active ingredients during the reregistration process and the introduction of severe regulations for pesticide registration in many countries.